Algae is the Bio Fuel of the Future Essays -- Biofuel Fuel Energy Powe

Algae: Bio Fuel of the Future Bio Fuels are clearly the most suitable alternative energy of the future as oil and coal are both rapidly vanishing and increasingly out of interest for nations wishing to avoid terrorist nations. Recently, algae has been discovered as an extremely suitable bio fuel because of its surprisingly high ratio of yield to area required for growth. In 1960 Oswald and Golweke proposed the use of large†scale ponds for cultivating algae on wastewater nutrients and anaerobically fermenting the biomass into methane fuel. Algae, like all bio fuels, harvests the energy from water and sunlight to produce oil which can be converted into biodiesel as well as the carbohydrate content to be fermented into ethanol (Benemann, Olst, et al. 1). The concept of using vegetal oil as an engine fuel likely dates back to when Rudolf Diesel (1858†1913) developed the first engine to run on peanut oil, as he demonstrated at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 (Biodiesel 1). Using algae, however, is only a very recent concept as the first algae biodiesel plant only opened this year on April 1, 2008. The company, PetroSun, is expected to produce ≈4.4 million gallons of algal oil and 110 million lbs of biomass per year in their 1,000 acres. Fuel will not be produced immediately, but they will be building or acquiring ethanol and biodie sel production plants in the near future (Cornell 1). With the ever†rising prices of fossil fuels and the realization that our supply is severely limited, the need for an alternative energy source is rising steadily. Clearly the most efficient of the alternative options lies in bio fuels because they are naturally grown and thus have an unlimited supply, have virtually zero emissions, and can be us... ...n, Olst, et al. â€Å"The Controlled Eutrophication Process: Using Microalgae for CO2 Utilization & Agricultural Fertilizer Recycling†. June 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008. â€Å"Biodiesel†. Accessed July 27, 2008 Briggs, Michael. UNH Biodiesel Group. â€Å"Wide scale Biodiesel Production from Algae†. August 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008 Cornell, Clayton B. March 29, 2008. â€Å"First Algae Biodiesel Plant Goes Online: April 1st 2008†. Accessed July 28, 2008 Haag, Amanda Leigh. March 29, 2007. â€Å"Pond†Powered Bio fuels: Turning Algae into America’s New Energy†. Accessed July 22, 2008. Algae is the Bio Fuel of the Future Essays -- Biofuel Fuel Energy Powe Algae: Bio Fuel of the Future Bio Fuels are clearly the most suitable alternative energy of the future as oil and coal are both rapidly vanishing and increasingly out of interest for nations wishing to avoid terrorist nations. Recently, algae has been discovered as an extremely suitable bio fuel because of its surprisingly high ratio of yield to area required for growth. In 1960 Oswald and Golweke proposed the use of large†scale ponds for cultivating algae on wastewater nutrients and anaerobically fermenting the biomass into methane fuel. Algae, like all bio fuels, harvests the energy from water and sunlight to produce oil which can be converted into biodiesel as well as the carbohydrate content to be fermented into ethanol (Benemann, Olst, et al. 1). The concept of using vegetal oil as an engine fuel likely dates back to when Rudolf Diesel (1858†1913) developed the first engine to run on peanut oil, as he demonstrated at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 (Biodiesel 1). Using algae, however, is only a very recent concept as the first algae biodiesel plant only opened this year on April 1, 2008. The company, PetroSun, is expected to produce ≈4.4 million gallons of algal oil and 110 million lbs of biomass per year in their 1,000 acres. Fuel will not be produced immediately, but they will be building or acquiring ethanol and biodie sel production plants in the near future (Cornell 1). With the ever†rising prices of fossil fuels and the realization that our supply is severely limited, the need for an alternative energy source is rising steadily. Clearly the most efficient of the alternative options lies in bio fuels because they are naturally grown and thus have an unlimited supply, have virtually zero emissions, and can be us... ...n, Olst, et al. â€Å"The Controlled Eutrophication Process: Using Microalgae for CO2 Utilization & Agricultural Fertilizer Recycling†. June 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008. â€Å"Biodiesel†. Accessed July 27, 2008 Briggs, Michael. UNH Biodiesel Group. â€Å"Wide scale Biodiesel Production from Algae†. August 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008 Cornell, Clayton B. March 29, 2008. â€Å"First Algae Biodiesel Plant Goes Online: April 1st 2008†. Accessed July 28, 2008 Haag, Amanda Leigh. March 29, 2007. â€Å"Pond†Powered Bio fuels: Turning Algae into America’s New Energy†. Accessed July 22, 2008.

Zoonotic Diseases

Introduction Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases which can be transmitted from animals to man. Due to frequent contact and domestication of wildlife animals, zoonotic diseases are increasingly becoming more prevalent. Public parks and gardens are home to abundant populations of birds. One of the most frequent species known to thrive in such areas are feral pigeon (Columba livia). Although there are few reports of disease transmission between pigeons and humans, their close interaction with humans and ability to carry zoonotic pathogens make them a public health risk.In fact, these birds are present at very high densities (2,000 individuals per km2) and can cover a maximum distance of 5. 29 km (Dickx et al. , 2010). This may result in the increase risk of pathogen transmission among other birds and potentially to humans. Studies have shown that most infected pigeons do not show signs of clinical disease. These birds may therefore pose a public health risk to the human population . Pigeons, like many other bird species, can harbor diseases that can be zoonotic in nature. One of the pathogens most frequently carried by pigeons is Chlamydophila psittaci. C. sittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes a disease in birds known as Psittacosis or Avian Chlamydiosis. Psittacosis is highly contagious and often causes influenza-like symptoms, severe pneumonia and non-respiratory health problems. Birds can shed this bacterium in the environment when they are either overtly ill or without any symptoms. C. psittaci occurs most frequently in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, parakeets. However, non-psittacine birds including pigeons, doves and mynah birds can also harbour the infectious agent (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005).Therefore, pigeons are thought to be an underestimated source of human chlamydiosis. Studies have shown that pigeons pose a substantial zoonotic risk as are often shown to be naturally infected with a number of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa that are pathogenic to humans. The potential for zoonotic infection is increased as these birds live in close contact with human beings. The aim of this overview is to present the zoonotic potential of C. psittaci in infected feral pigeon populations, in the context of its history, epidemiology and current approaches in treatment and prevention.Pigeon population in urban areas Commonly known as ‘urban’, ‘street’ or ‘city’ pigeons, the feral rock dove (C. livia) is an abundant bird species that often thrive in streets, squares and parks where they come into close contact with humans. Pigeon populations in most large cities increased worldwide after World War II. They have made contributions of considerable importance to humanity, especially in times of war. Feral pigeons have been domesticated and were put to use by making them messengers due to their homing abilities (Dickx et al. , 2010).Pigeons are one of the few animal species able to survive in our noisy and hectic cities. They are extremely adaptable, which also enables them to accept breeding places that are unnatural to them, e. g. on trees or over running ventilation systems (Magnino et al, 2009). They are also a valuable enrichment to the urban environment as they have a cleaning up function by eating discarded food. In addition, they may represent as a tourist attraction as feeding and care of feral pigeons may be rewarding spare-time activities for many people who enjoy the company of animals (Magnino et al, 2009).The extensive food supply and minimal predator population has indeed provided the ecological basis for the large populations that occur in most cities of the world. Chlamydophila psittaci in pigeons The increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a major cause of concern as they are a source of a large number of zoonotic agents. The most important pathogenic organism transmissible from feral pigeons to humans is Chlamydophila psittaci. In fact, studies in Europe have shown as high as 95. 6% seropositivity values for C. psittaci in feral pigeon populations (Magnino et al. 2009). C. psittaci an obligate intracellular bacterium causes avian chlamydiosis in birds and psittacosis in humans.The bacterium is commonly recognised in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, cockatoos and parakeets. It is also indentified in non-psittacine birds such as pigeons, doves and mynah birds (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). There are at least six distinct serovars (A to F) of C. psittaci considered endemic in birds (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). Each serovar appears to be associated, though not exclusively, with a different group or order of irds, from which it is most commonly isolated. Genotype B is the most prevalent in pigeons, but the more virulent genotypes A and D have also been discovered (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). All serovars should be considered to be readily transmissible to humans. The av ian strains can infect humans and other mammals, and may cause severe disease and even death. In contrast to the devastating explosive outbreaks in the first half of the 20th century, the present outbreaks are characterized by respiratory signs and low mortality (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Chlamydophila psittaci has been demonstrated in about 465 bird species comprising 30 different bird orders (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). The highest infection rates are found in psittacine birds and pigeons. The first case of C. psittaci zoonotic transmission from pigeons was described in 1941. A mother and her daughter had picked up a sick feral pigeon in the street in New York City. The pigeon died after four days and, two weeks later, both mother and daughter developed psittacosis with fever and pneumonia (Dickx et al. , 2010).Since then, 47 zoonotic cases linked to pigeons have been reported (Dickx et al. , 2010). As a consequence, feral pigeon populations have been r epeatedly blamed as vectors for the transmission of C. psittaci infections to humans. Caution is needed, as zoonotic transmission from feral pigeons is known to be an underestimated source of infection. Psittacosis in birds Transmission of C. psittaci primarily occurs from one infected bird to another susceptible bird in close proximity. The agent is usually excreted in faeces and nasal discharges.From time to time, faecal shedding occurs and can be activated through stress caused by nutritional deficiencies, prolonged transport, overcrowding, chilling, breeding, egg laying, treatment or handling (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). Bacterial excretion periods during natural infection can vary depending on virulence of the strain, infection dose and host immune status. The most common routes of transmission of C. psittaci in nature are the inhalation and ingestion of contaminated material and, sometimes, ingestion (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). The bacterium can be also transmitted in the nest.In many species, such as columbiformes, transmission from parent to young may occur through feeding, by regurgitation, while the contamination of the nesting site with infective faeces are also important sources of infection (Vazquez et al. , 2010). Also the transmission of C. psittaci may also be facilitated by arthropod vectors in the nest environment, but its occurrence has not been assessed in the wild. Vertical transmission has been demonstrated in other types of avian species. However, occurrence appears to be fairly low. Chlamydiosis is a common chronic infection of pigeons.C. psittaci infection may result in lethargy, anorexia, ruffled feathers, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, diarrhea and excretion of green to yellow urates (West, 2011). Most infected feral pigeons are asymptomatic and latent carriers of C. psittaci, which makes it difficult to assess the risk of transmission of the bacterium to other animals, including humans. As mentioned earlier, increased shed ding of the infectious agents may be triggered by stress factors such as other concurrent infections or infestations, lack of food, breeding and overcrowding.It is important to note that as the density of nesting and roosting pigeons increases, the quality of life in the feral pigeon population deteriorates (Dickx et al. , 2010). In fact, excessive population density activates and stimulates regulation mechanisms that decimate nestlings and juvenile pigeons with infectious and parasitic diseases (Hedemma et al. , 2006). Crowded breeding places make pigeons behave more aggressively, which again mostly affects nestlings and juveniles that are the weakest members of the population, leading to a progressive spoiling of their physical condition.Thus, it is important for feral pigeon populations to be managed carefully in the urban environment to obtain an appropriate- sized and healthy population. Psittacosis in humans Although psittacine birds are the major source of human infection, ou tbreaks due to exposure to non-psittacine birds may also occur. The more common of these are due to exposure to pigeons, both wild and domestic. Humans most often become infected by inhaling the organism when urine, respiratory secretions or dried faeces of infected birds are dispersed in the air as very fine droplets or dust particles (Smith et al. , 2011).Other sources of exposure include mouth-to-beak contact, a bite from an infected bird or handling the plumage and tissues of infected birds (Smith et al. , 2011). A study by Smith et al. (2011) suggests that more than half of the human cases were due to exposure to C. psittaci through contaminated dust, direct contact with pigeons through feeding and handling pigeons. In addition, about 40 of the cases resulted from transient contacts with feral pigeons such as eating lunch in a park frequented by pigeons, walking through a pigeon flock, and living in a neighbourhood frequented by pigeons (Vazquez et al. 2010). The disease in hum ans varies from a flu-like syndrome to a severe systemic disease with pneumonia and possibly encephalitis. The disease is rarely fatal in patients treated promptly and correctly. The incubation period is usually 5–14 days, but longer incubation periods are known (Smith et al. , 2011). Common symptoms of infection in humans include headache, chills, malaise and myalgia, with or without signs of respiratory involvement (Smith et al. , 2011). Therefore, awareness of the danger and early diagnosis are important. Transmission of psittacosis from human to human is rare but can occur.Transmission from humans to birds has not been documented. Diagnoses The diagnosis of C. psittaci infections in birds can be a problem because of the occurrence of persistent infections in non-shedding clinically healthy birds. Isolation of C. psittaci is currently regarded as the standard method for the determination of active infections of birds. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been al so used to detect C. psittaci in samples of tissues, feces and respiratory specimens, and were found to be quite sensitive and rapid. Diagnoses can also be established by clinical presentation and positive antibodies against C. sittaci using microimmunoflourescence (MIF) methods (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). Conventional ELISA tests have been developed for detecting antibodies to C. psittaci in birds, however, it tends to sensitivity and specificity. Treatment No commercial vaccine is available for avian chlamydiosis. Antibiotic treatment of birds is the usual response to known infections. Tetracyclines are usually considered the drugs of choice although quinolones or macrolides have also been used (Tully, 2001). Chlortetracycline (CTC) is given on food depending on the bird species to be treated and type of food (Tully, 2001).Another drug that has also proved to be effective is doxycycline, which has been used for injecting and to treat bird food/ drinking water. Tetracycline antibio tics are the drug of choice for C. psittaci infection in humans. Mild to moderate cases can be treated with oral doxycycline or tetracycline hydrochloride (West, 2011). Severely ill patients should be treated with intravenous (IV) doxycycline hyclate. Treatment with antimicrobial drugs in humans usually lasts for 3 weeks while birds are treated for 45 days. Most C. psittaci infections are responsive to antibiotics within 1 to 2 days, however relapses can occur (Seth-Smith et al. 2011). Therefore sensible use of these drugs is very important, to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains Prevention Management of feral pigeon populations in the urban environment is a complex issue that requires careful planning. Education initiatives to communicate the health risks and recommendations for minimizing these risks should primarily be directed at susceptible groups such as the elderly, young children, immunosupressed individuals, homeless, and occupationally exposed group s (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Children should be warned not to handle sick or dead pigeons and immunocompromised individuals should be educated to carefully limit their contact with feral pigeons. Strict hygienic procedures should also be enforced when dealing with birds. Pigeon feeders should be encouraged to stop or limit their activity by implementing a feeding ban in defined urban areas (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009). Furthermore, preservation of urban hygiene is very important and should be included in the aims of administrators and health officials, as it will lead to a reduced and healthier feral pigeon population (Vazquez et al. , 2010).The relationship between feeding, overcrowding, and the deterioration of living conditions of pigeons, should be the main focus when educating the general public. Monitoring for C. psittaci infections over time, by direct detection of the organism and/or by specific antibody testing, should also be considered in tho se who are in frequent close contact with bird puplations (ie. occupationally exposed workers) (Smith et al. , 2011). In addition, preventive measures such as wearing protective clothes with hoods, boots, gloves and air filter face masks should be worn when removing pigeon faeces from roofs, attics and/or buildings.Finally, for the sake of animal protection, visibly sick birds should be captured and taken into veterinary care where they should be appropriately treated with effective drugs such as tetracyclines, quinolones or macrolides (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). . Conclusion Feral pigeons, more commonly known as ‘urban’ or ‘city’ pigeons, are present in both urban and rural areas all over the world. Due to frequent and close contact with people, pigeons are a public health concern as they are a source of many zoonotic agents.In particular Chlamydophila psittaci, a bacterium known to cause psittacosis in both birds and humans (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanro mpay, 2009). Due to the growing population of pigeons, contact with infected pigeons or pathogen transmission is greatly increased. The infectious agent can be easily transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated dust and aerosols from infected pigeons or their feces. Once infected, people suffer from various conditions including mild influenza-like symptoms or severe pneumonia.In addition, the huge increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a major cause of concern due to the detrimental effect of pigeon droppings on environmental hygiene. Therefore it is important to monitor the health of both city bird populations and humans who come in close contact with possibly infected birds. As well, awareness and preventative measures must be taken into consideration when handling infected birds or their feces. Furthermore, management of feral population and preservation of urban hygiene is very important in controlling psittacosis. Work Cited Aundria West.A brief rev iew of Chlamydophila psittaci in birds and humans. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 2011. 20:18–2. Dickx V, Beeckman D, Dossche L, Tavernier P, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci in homing and feral pigeons and zoonotic transmission. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2010. 59: 1348–1353. Greco G, Corrente M, Martella V. Detection of Chlamydophila psittaci in Asymptomatic Animals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005. 43: 5410-5411. Harkinezhad T, Geens T, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci infections in birds: A review with emphasis on zoonotic consequences.Veterinary Microbiology. 2009. 135: 68–77. Heddema E, Sluis S, Buys J, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Van Wijnen J, Visser C. Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in fecal droppings from feral pigeons in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006. 34: 4423–4425. Magnino S, Haag-Wackernagel D, Geigenfeind I, Helmecke S, Dovc A, Prukner-Radovc E, Residbegovic E, Ilieski V, Larouc au K, Donati M, Martinov S, Kaleta E. Chlamydial infections in feral pigeons in Europe: Review of data and focus on public health implications. Veterinary Microbiology. 009. 135: 54–67. Seth-Smith H, Harris S, Rance R, West A, Severin J, Ossewaarde J, Cutcliffe L, Skilton R, Marsh P, Parkhill J, Clarke I, Thomson N. Genome sequence of the zoonotic pathogen Chlamydophila psittaci. Journal of Bacteriology. 2011. 28: 1282–1283. Smith K, Campbell C, Murphy J, Stobierski M, Tengelsen L. Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci infection among humans (Psittacosis) and pet birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2010 National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 011. 20: 32–45. Tully T. Update on Chlamydophila psittaci. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 2001. 10: 20-24. Vanrompay D, Harkinezhad T, Van de Walle M, Beeckman D, Droogenbroeck C, Verminnen K, An Martel R, Cauwerts K. Chlamydophila psittaci t ransmission from pet birds to humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007. 13: 1108-1110. Vazquez B, Esperon F, Neves E, Lopez J, Ballesteros C, Munoz M. Screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (Columba livia) in Madrid. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2010, 52:45-51.

The Role of Women in Homer’s Iliad Essay - 796 Words

The Role of Women in Homer’s Iliad Homer’s Iliad is undoubtedly focused on its male characters: Achilles, primarily, but also Hector and Agamemnon. Nevertheless, it seems that the most crucial characters in the epic are female. Homer uses the characters of Thetis, Andromache, and Helen as a basis for comparison to the male characters. Homer wants his audience to see and understand the folly of his male characters in choosing war over peace, aggression over kindness, and honor over family. While the behavior of these characters clearly speaks for itself, the contrasting attitudes and behaviors of the female characters proffer an alternative; in comparison, the reader can hardly fail to concur with Homer’s message that war, aggression,†¦show more content†¦Thetis is always motivated by her love and pity for her son, two emotions he seems unable to feel himself. As a loving mother, she is concerned for her son and his future and so ensures that he is aware of his options. Out of respect for him, sh e allows Achilles to make his own decision and goes as far as to support him fully, although the attentive reader can sense that doing so is immensely painful for her. Therefore, although it superficially seems that Thetis supports war and aggression, her true motives are far more admirable. Unlike Thetis, Andromache’s values are clear. On the rampart in book six, she makes an impassioned plea to Hector for reason and peace. Pity me, please! she says, Take your stand on the rampart here, before you orphan your son and make your wife a widow. (ll. 230-231) When her fears are realized and Hector is struck down by Achilles, she laments, Hector, what help are you to [Astyanax], now you are dead? (l. 571) This single statement lays bare the true folly of pride: How can one justify the preservation of honor at the cost of the destruction of all that one fought for in the first place? Finally, there is great irony in the lamentations of both Helen and Briseis for Hector and Patroclus respectively. Helen proclaims her respect for Hector’s kindness: Hector, you’d win them to my side . . . you with your gentle temper, all your gentleShow MoreRelated A Comparison of the Role of Women in Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad3375 Words   |  14 PagesThe Role of Women in Odyssey and The Iliad The Iliad and Odyssey present different ideals of women, and the goddesses, who are presented as ideal women, differ between the two epics. The difference in roles is largely dependent on power, and relations to men, as well as sexual desirability and activity. The goddesses have a major role in both epics as Helpers of men. They have varied reasons for this.   One is a maternal instinct. This is displayed in the literal mother-son relationshipsRead MoreAncient Greek Perception of War, Role of Women and Children, and Immortals833 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Iliad, the oldest and greatest of the Greek epics, Homer tells of the wars fought between the Greeks and the Trojans. Much of this books main focus takes place during the Homeric period in which the Trojan War began. In a pre industrial society, Homer describes the way mortals and immortals sought their existence throughout the Trojan War. Homers style of writing in Iliad enables a modern reader to perceive how the Ancient Greeks thought of warfare, of religion, and of the role of womenRead MoreThe Role of Women in the Iliad Essay examples1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of Women in the Iliad Throughout history, women have held many different roles in society. Men have traditionally been viewed as superior since the beginning of time. Homers Iliad is an excellent example of the suppressive role of women at this time. 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Throughout history, women hav e been viewed as playing small roles in society. The role of women in the Iliad is very small and overshadowed by the main story of Achilles and the Trojan War. The shadow that is cast over the women in the Iliad can often block readers from seeing the important role that they play in this classic Epic Poem. Most readers view the women of the Iliad as simply war prizes but without them there

First Chapter of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr...

First Chapter of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is a novella, short novel, which was published in the Victorian era. It has a gothic mystery story genre and has a mysterious, serious tone. The overall novella is set in London. This essay will analyse how the author captures the reader’s interest and introduces the key ideas in chapter 1 of ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.’ This essay will evaluate how the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, uses different language, how RL Stevenson uses imagery, structure and form, and the settings to capture the reader’s interest. The key ideas in chapter 1 of ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ are: duality of human†¦show more content†¦Setting analyses Hyde’s house, the first encounter with Hyde and the description of the door. Now the essay will cover the language section. Metaphors, simile and personification are widely used in chapter 1, ‘The Story of The Door,’ in, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.’ An example of a metaphor is when Utterson says, â€Å"I let my brother go to the devil in his quaintly: own way† this makes the reader create a picture in their head of this, when he is really saying that he goes his own way and lets everyone else go their separate way and do what they want. An example of a simile is when Mr Enfield talks about Hyde after he walks over the young child. Enfield says, â€Å"I could see that – but carrying it off, sir, really like Satan.† This creates an image in the reader’s head of Hyde looking like Satan. This simile makes the reader read on to see what this Satan like person does. An example of personification is when the shops are described, â€Å"shop fronts stood along that thoroughfare with an air of invitation, like rows of smiling saleswomen.† This gives the shops the characteristics of a saleswoman. The atmosphere in chapter 1 of, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,’ is mysterious. This is shown when RL Stevenson describes how Hyde goes into the door and comes out with the  £90 cheque and  £10 in gold coins, â€Å"walk into a cellar at four in the morning and come out of it with another man’s chequeShow MoreRelatedStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 Pagestwo famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the theme of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughout his novella Heart of Darkness. In both novellas the theme is found in the literary devices of symbolism and personification. Although both works embody the theme of the duality ofRead MoreDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesinevitable events that are constantly trying to be avoided. In some cases, people look for an exit. To some, this exit may be family time or participati ng in their favorite hobby. In other cases, some people fail to have the same luck as others. Their desire to dodge their problems may result in drugs, violence, alcoholism, or possibly worse. The Strange Cases Of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novel about a man who needs an exit. Dr. Jekyll is a high class man that has an addiction fueled by his desiresRead MoreStevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesStevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Firstly, telling The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde from Dr Jekylls point of view would have presented a number of problems. 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His mother Margaret came from a family of lawyersRead MoreThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde Author Biography: Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Stevenson was born on November 13th, 1850 to (father) Thomas Stevenson and (mother) Margaret Isabella Balfour. Stevenson grew up in Edinburgh. At the age of 17, he enrolled at Edinburgh University where he planned on studying engineering. He instead took courses to study law, and passed all of them in 1875, but he later abandoned this because he wanted to be a writer. His first published work wasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words   |  7 Pageslatter portion of the nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of this broader cultural fear. Stevenson’sRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Duality Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesduality is anything that has two sides, mostly dealing with good and evil. Duality plays an important role in showing who the characters are and how the story occurs in many different books. Books in which duality plays a prominent role include Dr. Jekyll and Mrs.Hyde, Romeo and Juliet, and the Bible. Duality exists throughout the play Romeo and Juliet. The things characters say, the characters, and actions of the characters are ways duality exists in the play. For example, when Friar Laurence

Relationship Between Science And Religion - 3252 Words

he relationship between science and religion is a very interesting and complex one, and has changed quite a lot over the course of human history. In order to competently understand this relationship, it is necessary to have a rudimentary knowledge of the fundamental methods and aims of each discipline. Though the relationship between science and religion has changed a lot over time, what has not changed is the fact that the two disciplines are diametrically opposed to each other in many ways, having very different goals. Science has always attempted to uncover the truth about our physical universe, based on facts and empirical evidence that come to light via the scientific method – things that we can measure, verify, and prove beyond a reasonable doubt. On the other hand, the chief aim of religion is to control humanity by any means – this often means through fear, coercion, and preying upon their ignorance of the real world to subjugate and pacify them. Before the Scientific Revolution came along and transformed long-held worldviews, religion always firmly had the upper hand over science. This was simply because science had not yet advanced enough so that it could illuminate the falsehoods of religion to such an extent that the common man could see the light, so to speak. Perhaps due to this, nearly all early scientific discoveries were credited to the church. If someone with real scientific knowledge touted any controversial views, or anything that may have damaged theShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Science And Religion Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe relationship between science and religion as Western categories of thought has long been fraught with tension; academics suggest that the conflict between religion and science arose in the 17th century, as a result of the Galileo Affair, and continued into the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. 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Inspector Calls Essay Paper Example For Students

Inspector Calls Essay Paper Gerald recognises her immediately and this gives it away that he knew a Daisy Renton: (startled) what? This shows that he never knew anything about Eva Smith but he knew a Daisy Renton. Then Sheila notices that he know her and asks Gerald, Shelia: Well, Gerald? (Trying to smile) How did you come to know this girl Daisy Renton you gave yourself away as soon as he mentioned her other name. Eric then all right I knew her. Lets leave it at that. This quote conveys that Gerald does not succeed to bury his secret from Sheila, that he knew a Daisy Renton. Sheila understands that Gerald was with Daisy Renton in the spring when he was too busy in the works (Croft ltd) to see her. Then the Inspector comes in and he ask Gerald and he tells the true story he says: I met her sometime in March last year, in the stalls bar at the palace Its a favourite place for the women of the town This is when he meets Daisy Renton and he takes her out of there to the County Hotel. They talked and soon Gerald realises how pretty she was and he decided to keep her as his mistress in one of his friends rooms. He said he did it only because he was sorry for her to see her without any money. This conveys Geralds passion for her and that he did not want to put her down, living on the roads. She had no place to stay so Gerald gave her some money that will last to the end of the year. Mrs. Birling is the next to be inspected she passes the blames onto the young father, First the girl herself Secondly, I blame the young man who was the father of the child she was going to have. Hed be entirely responsible certainly. And he ought to be dealt with very severely. These quotes show that Mrs. Birling passes the blame onto the father of the child and she was too self-centred to realise that there was the possibility that it could be her fault. And only when the inspector says he is waiting to do the duty that Mrs. Birling realises, that she had set something terrible up for Eric. The last person to be inspected was Eric. When the Inspector is finished he says that he is waiting for someone the Birling family look around and notice that he is waiting for Eric. Firstly the family don not believe that Eric was the one apart from Sheila. Eric enter and he says that he kept seeing her until she said she didnt want to see him anymore because he said that the money he gave to her was stolen even though he tried to help her by giving her some money, shed no money left so I insisted on giving her enough money to keep her going until she refused to take any more she realised that it was stolen and did not take any more. Mr. Birling anxiously asked where he got the money from and when Eric replied he was furious, he makes sure that Eric pays him back for all the money he stole out of Mr. Birlings office. This shows that he had passion for her and was trying to help her to live on. Priestleys aim is to convey that everybodys actions and decisions in life cannot only affect themselves but it can also affect other people as well. Priestley aim is to convey his play in a biased way to show why caring for other people is good and why people are wrong to always think about themselves. He makes Gerald a man who cares for everyone, even the poor hence he was passionate for Eva Smith/Daisy Renton. Priestley makes everyone else hate her and unfortunately make her die. .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb , .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .postImageUrl , .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb , .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb:hover , .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb:visited , .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb:active { border:0!important; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb:active , .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1fa9f298be7ce44e13bb646165dc34bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arthur Miller’s Crucible EssayAlso Priestley has made Mr. Birling ignorant and after he finds out that the Inspector is fake he carries life like normal same with Mrs. Birling and Gerald. However Sheila and Eric feel awful that they cannot change their way and hope that they will not do this to anyone else.

The actual Essay Example For Students

The actual Essay It all starts with Harry Trellman, an entrepreneur from Chicago, who at the beginning of the story narrates his life in a nutshell. He is a smart man, who was esoteric when comes to analyzing people. He starts out by saying that he was put into an orphanage, and how he had an Asian expression on his face.He said he was put into an orphanage because his mother had a disease of the joints that sent her to the sanitarium. He said he had a round head, hair worn as long as the orphanage allowed a pair of flat black eyes, and a wide mouth with a sizable lip. He then meets a rich elderly man named Sigmund Adletsky at a party thrown by someone named Frances Jellicoe. Sigmund Adletsky invited Harry to his penthouse office suite. He told Harry that he wanted him to be his braintrust, meaning he wanted someone who had intellect that he could converse freely with. So Harry Trellman go aquainted with Sigmund Adletsky for a few years, and came to the point where he was reaquainted with his long lo st love. Harry was reaquainted with his long lost love Amy Wustrin. He got reaquainted with her under the circumstances that he ran into her downtown. She was an interior decorator, and Sigmund Adletsky was using her to appraise the furniture at this duplex he was going to buy. She brings up that she has to go change her dead husbands grave from the spot it is in. Later on, Harry Trellman goes with her to carry out the task, they have a deep conversation, and at the very end he asks her to marry him. We will write a custom essay on The actual specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Harry Trellman in the actual is an anylitical introvert. In the story he comes up with theories of what people may be thinking at a particular time, but he never discloses his feelings to other people and he admits to sinking his feelings into his face. He says My thinking had from the beginning came between us, referring to his previous relationship with Amy Wustrin. He also says I looked so curiously self-contained. meaining he never disclosed his feelings. In the story his long lost love Amy Wustrin criticizes his personality. She says You never let on to more than one-tenth of what you really think or know.Towards the end of the story he begins to slightly disclose his true feelings and thought to Amy Wustrin. Harry Trellman is just like any other made when it comes to women, he had a hard time expressing how he felt. The story takes place in Chicago. I assume that there are a lot of jewish and polish people there based on what Ive seen on Saturday night Live. When they do the skit with four polish people talking about the Chicago Bears. The man named Sigmund Adletsky in the story also tipped me off that there may be polish people in the story because Adletsky is polish. I also assume that Chicago is a place filled with a lot of people. In the story Harry Trellman, during one of his narratives says, The man threat in a place like Chicago is emptiness-human gaps and breaks, a sort of spiritual ozone that smells like bleach.Coming form experience I can easily relate to Harry Trellman.Like him I to like to analyze things and I rarely ever disclose my true feelings. Ive been friends with girls for a long time, but I could never let them know that I liked them. Harry had a hard time disclosing his feelings to Amy and he carried the feeling with him for forty years. Psychologically I think that the introvert aspect of his persona is the impediment that kept him from disclosing his feelings. I feel that introverts are known for using defense mechanisms to keep them from disclosing their feelings. His defense mechanisms was discussing other people rather than himself. .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 , .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .postImageUrl , .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 , .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2:hover , .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2:visited , .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2:active { border:0!important; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2:active , .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2 .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ee261b155ef2393378f436d99bfdbe2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How I Spent My Summer Vacation EssayIn the story Amy Wustrin reminisces about all the times Jay Wustrin cheated on her. Jay says that he was sexually liberated. This kind of logic was sophistry to me because if your in love with someone instant gratification from other people doesnt apply, simply because of the fact that it is instant gratification. I do agree with what the author is trying to say at the end of the story. He is saying instead of prolonging the inevitable just take you chance at love. Meaning that if Harry had just disclosed his feelings to Amy Wustrin they both wouldnt have never had to go through an emotional demise. Harry wouldnt have a heart wrenching n ostalgia for Amy. Amy would have never had to put up with a cheating husband. In a book I read called fast times at richmond high, a boy liked this girl and the didnt hook up till the end. During the movie she was looking for love in all the wrong places. She was having sex with men trying to find love, and ended up getting impregnated and then getting an abortion. The boy thought that she was really nice, but thought that wouldnt be interested in him. She found out the hard way that sex doesnt make someone love you. All the he had to do was explain this to her earlier then she never would have acted out like she did. So all of the emotional pain could have been eliminated if the two of them were informed right. I feel that Harry Trellman was an anylitical introvert and that kept him from finding love from anyone. I made this assumption based on what Harry said My theorizing had from the beginning come between us. He also said I looked so curiously self contained.I thought that chicago compiled of jewish and polish people. And according to the text there was a man named Hesininger ( jewish) and Adletsky (polish)Bibliography: