There is No universal experience of 'childhood' - it is a construct Essay

There is No all inclusive experience of 'adolescence' - it is a build completely reliant on examples of social association and social shows Discuss with - Essay Example This is the start of molding a youngster to think and act like the parent. In this procedure, kids are instructed how to carry on and how to move inside their way of life. Contingent upon how the youngster is dealt with they will either build up a solid character and confidence or they will create one that is frail. A youngster is instructed to see the world through their folks eyes and they willing acknowledge this educating. The greatest impact on youth will be the way of life, religion, monetary and social parts of the family. Rodd (1996) says that culture assumes a noteworthy job in youth and it very well may be the standard culture or it tends to be a subculture (Rodd, p. 31). Shechtman Hiradin and Zina (2003) conversed with young people in their examination to see if there was a distinction in how these youngsters would unveil about them dependent on their ethnicity. Their examination found that Moslem youngsters had the option to reveal simpler than Druze kids and they figured it might be because of how much cultural assimilation every ethnic gathering showed. Druze individuals re increasingly customary in their manners and less acculturated to the standard than Moslem and Jewish youngsters as indicated by their discoveries. This data shows that there is some fact to the possibility that culture has an impact on how a kid learns. It is the assessment of this essayist that culture is an exceptionally huge piece of how kids acknowledge certain things in their condition. For example, numerous youngsters grow up and are manhandled in their youth. Regularly this prompts injurious grown-ups. The way of life can likewise show a kid to adore or to abhor, to communicate well or to be contemplative and bashful. There are an assortment of social difficulties to a youngster both inside the home and outside in light of the fact that they are continually being barraged by social circumstances. Harris (1999) says that what a parent does may not make a difference to a childs growing up. She gives instances of how one culture (that of the 1950s) showed guardians not to ruin their kids. Today, guardians are

Lactobacillus Bulgaricus vs E.Coli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lactobacillus Bulgaricus versus E.Coli - Essay Example Impact of a microorganism or harmfulness of a bacterium might be brought about by a living being in effect truly present in the host where it discharges poisons to the host straightforwardly or its preformed poisons get into another organism’s body framework through different courses such ingestion, skin and so on. The harmfulness of microorganisms fluctuates across family just as species. In this paper, I will depict two microscopic organisms, clarify their natural specialty, lastly think about them. Choice of microorganisms After an exhaustive assessment of microscopic organisms I have laid on Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The purpose behind choosing the two living beings is that they share a typical component of showing a rectangular shape yet their practices are entirely unexpected. Their similitudes and contrasts are clarified beneath. Lactobacillus bulgaricus Lactobacillus bulgaricus’ is a non pathogenic life form. It happens in its common habitat and its environmental specialty is the place there is its prerequisites for development are given particularly in dairy items that contain lactose. It is chemoorganotrophic implying that it must acquire vitality and carbon from natural mixes. It is a pole molded and the poles join start to finish to shape a filamentous structure that are widely long. This bacterium is a gram positive facultative anaerobe. In view of this reality, Lactobacillus bulgaricus can be homofermenative or heterofermentative. With regards to movement, the bacterium is non motile since it doesn't have headway. At the point when conditions become troublesome this specific bacterium doesn't shape a spore. As per Guchte (2006) its size dependent on its shape goes between 0.5-0.8 x 2.0-9.0mm. For this bacterium to develop it requires a medium whose pH goes between 4.6 - 5.4 (Guchte, 2006). The way that it can just hydrolyse lactose sugar makes it very essential to food industry due to its results. At the point wh en it is taken care of with lactose, the bacterium changes over this sugar to lactic corrosive. This reality has been abused as a standard in yogurt creation where lactose in milk in changed over to lactic corrosive and it is utilized as an additive just as well as giving the yogurt a great a tart flavor. The bacterium imitates agamically through conjugation. Conjugation is where RNA and DNA are moved starting with one bacterium then onto the next (PBWorks, 2008). Lactobacillus bulgaricus can likewise be found in human digestive organs. Escherichia coli This bacterium happens in the common habitat especially fecal tainted one however it cuts its specialty in the lower some portion of digestion tracts of life forms that are warm blooded in light of the fact that there is an even biological system. In the digestion tracts there are explicit supplements that are given and conditions are great for its development and endurance. A few strains of this bacterium particularly O111, O145, O1 04:H21, O157:H7, O121, O104:H4, O26, and O103 are pathogenic (Nicole et al., 2001). About 0.1% of the microscopic organisms that colonize mammalian gut have a place with the E. coli specie (Nicole et al., 2001). The bacterium is a gram negative bar and it is a facultative anaerobe whose cell quantifies around 2.0 x 0.5â µm (Nicole et al., 2001). At the point when this bacterium is outside the host’s body, it can get by for some timeframe which has made it to be utilized as marker of

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week September 2013 Social Currency Ranking

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week September 2013 Social Currency Ranking Rankings come in all shapes and sizes, but can any ranking truly capture social cachet?  For a different perspective on the value of an MBA, we turn to the  New York Times  society pages, where the editors select and profile promising couples. Each month, we dedicate one B-School Chart of the Week to tallying how alumni from top-ranked business schools are advancing their social currency ranking. September continued the steady climb of matrimonial distinction among major business schools like Harvard Business School (HBS), NYU Stern and Wharton. Columbia Business School (CBS) came out on top, with a total of six alumni and students mentioned in the New York Times wedding announcementsâ€"including one, Joseph Goldschmid, who is pursuing a joint MBA/JD and who married Anastasia Alt earlier last month. Notably, UVA Darden received two wedding mentions in September, bringing its year-to-date total to three. One of the students mentioned,  Jennifer Gable Frye, is studying for her MBA at Darden and is married to Capt. Carter Keleher Harris. The other, John Macaskill, married Macy Branch andâ€"in addition to holding a master’s in business studies from the University of Edinburghâ€"earned his MBA from Darden in May. Last month also saw two double-MBA marriages: that of John Ashworth and Michael Vondriska, a Johns Hopkins alumnus and Northwestern Kellogg alumnus, respectively; and that of Diana Kassen and Ezra Mehlman, an NYU Stern alumna and a CBS alumnus. Across the board, MBA candidates, students and alumni were mentioned 33 times last month. Our year-to-date tally of business school appearances in the Times reached 208 for September, out of a total of 1,015 wedding announcements. Share ThisTweet B-School Charts

Human Resource Information Systems ( The ) - 2897 Words

Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) HRIS stands for Human Resource Information System. Essentially, an information system is a tool utilized by companies and organizations to improve the quality of the workplace and the efficiency of output that an employee may produce or in other words, an electronic supervision system. (Periysamy, M. N., Amsa, A) There are multiple categories of HRIS systems which may then be simplified into more specific types of systems within each category. For example some of those categories include operational, tactical, strategic, limited-function and even medical oriented HRIS management systems. Tactical information systems generally serve their purpose whenever a critical decision is required for an issue dealing with the distribution of assets among a company. This may also include compensation and development as well. (Slides Notes. 2011, February 16) To break down tactical information systems further, it is dissected into four main sub-grou ps. These sets are design job analysis, recruitment, compensation benefits, and training development. (Kumar, R. 2012) Design job analysis principally gathers information from external sources and communication with the superiors in the workplace, as well as labor unions and agencies owned by the government. (Kumar, R. 2012) Furthermore, design job analysis information systems provide data that consists of anything resembling a description or summarization of the actual workShow MoreRelatedThe Human Resources Information System978 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Resources Information System, â€Å"is a framework that gives you a chance to stay informed concerning every one of your workers and data about them. It is generally done in a database or, in a progression of between related databases† (Human Resource Information Systems, n.d.). It’s very important for an HR director to be knowledgeable of this information, because maintaining a business will produce a ton of data, both identified with the business and identified with yourRead MoreHuman Resource Information System And Human Resources Essay2170 Words   |  9 Pages1. Human Resource Information System is also known as Human Resource Management System, which is the integration of information technology and human resources through Human Resource software. The system enables Human Resource activities or processes electronically occur. Human Resource Information System is a technological solution to help corporates to solve human resource activities through software. Activities include human resources, accounting, management and payroll. The software also helpsRead MoreThe Human Resource Information System1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many things to consider when choosing the right Human Resource Information System (HRIS) for an organization. However, it is important understand that human resource information systems require different computer-based systems to run an HRIS. The purpose of this paper is to examine database management systems (DBMS) used with HRIS systems. The paper will evaluate two top-tier database systems, specifically, Oracle Database 12c and IBM’s DB2. Next, the paper will identify the advantagesRead MoreThe Human Resource Information Systems Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION There are so many different Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) available to choose from that a company can pick and choose what features and programs they need for their business. Companies range big and small and each business needs different options to run their business. Castle s Family Restaurant is looking into implementing an HRIS and they have asked our company to research and suggest programs that will benefit them as a company. Per the initial assessment of the businessRead MoreThe Human Resource Information System758 Words   |  4 Pagesthat this system does not have all of the ERP product that other human resource information system may have. The second that was research was Kronos. This is an electric system that does different tasks when it comes to human resources, and payroll. This system was founded in 1977. Kronos is a monitoring system that keeps a full track of employees’ time and attendance. It helps companies control labor cost, minimize compliance risk and manage talent with ease. When it comes to the human resourceRead MoreThe Human Resource Information System1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Resource Information System (HRIS) teams work with the performance of tasks such as bookkeeping, employee performance and trainings, ordering, payroll, maintaining former, current, and potential employees information, and upholding policies and guidelines. Human resource managers use information systems to help in their daily duties of handling the above mentioned duties. Human Resource managers develop and analyze the many functions and determine the type of Human Resource InformationRead MoreA Human Reso urce Information System Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A human resource information system (HRIS) is defined as a computer based application for assembling and processing data related to the human resource management (HRM) functions. As in other types of information systems, an HRIS consists of a database, which contains one or more files in which the data relevant to the system are maintained, and a database management system, which provides the means by which users of the system access and utilize these data. The HRIS thus contains toolsRead MoreHuman Resource Information Systems1086 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Information Systems Use the Internet to research and evaluate two (2) commercial HR database systems for your organization. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each system and, based on your knowledge of human resources and database systems, propose one (1) package that would fit the needs of your organization. The two Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) that need to be considered in this analysis are the SAP Business All-In-One, a completely configured suite ofRead MoreHuman Resource Information Systems2522 Words   |  11 Pagespublic administration are carried out. They are the building blocks of accountability. In a growing number of organizations human resources are now viewed as a source of competitive advantage. There is greater recognition that distinctive competencies are obtained through highly developed employee skills, distinctive organizational cultures, management processes, and systems. Increasingly, it is being recognized that competitive advantage can be obtained with a high quality work force that enablesRead MoreThe Human Resource Information Systems Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pageseffectiveness of their company. Human resource information systems (HRIS) were first introduced at General Electric in the 1950s, but since then it has come a long way. HRIS has gone from a basic process to convert manual information keeping systems into computerized systems, to the HRIS systems that are used today. Human resource professionals foresaw the possibility of new applications for the computer. The idea was to integrate many of the different human resource functions. The third generatio n

The Battle Of The American Revolution - 1788 Words

The Battle of Yorktown was the last important battle of the American Revolution, which was fought from 28 September 1781 to 19 October 1781, in Yorktown Virginia, near the York River. The Continental Army, led by George Washington, won the battle against the British, led by General Lord Charles Cornwallis. General Cornwallis was force to surrender after Washington’s army, assisted by the French who were led by Marquis de Lafayette and the Comte de Rochambeau (Davis, P., 2001), surrounded them. General Washington use of misinformation and counterintelligence was very effective in turning the battle in their favor. If the British had validated the information by conducting such operations of their own they could have identified the misinformation in a timely manner. The British’s bias made them to believe that their collect efforts were very effective and did not question how easily the falsified documents were captured and deciphered. This bias cause the British to cont inue reinforcing defensive positions in the north as General Washington and the French moved south, which proved to be fatal. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Battle of Yorktown and identify key intelligence events that if they had not occurred, would have changed the outcome of the battle. If General George Washington did not utilize misinformation and Counter Intelligence in this battle the British would have not surrendered as they were the superior fighting force and would have continue toShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The American Revolution1535 Words   |  7 Pages 1775, tension between the American colonies and Great Britain had reached its breaking point as fighting erupted at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. These battles marked the beginning of the American Revolution, where the colonists sought freedom from King George III of England and Parliament. After fighting for years to gain their independence, the American colonies won the war. Even though the colonists faced several disadvantages during the American Revolution against the British, the determinationRead MoreBattle Of The American Revolution1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Yorktown was one of the most significant battles of the American Revolution. Not only was it a major battle that helped end the war but also showed the power of the Continental Army’s field artillery. The battle was a major turning point in establishing the freedom of the United States of America and was the last major battle of the war. The Continental and French forces moved to Yorktown on 28 September 1781, however the first shot was not fired until 9 October of 1781. It was roughlyRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Revolution1377 Words   |  6 Pages The American Revolution begins with the taxation of the American colonies to pay for French and Indian War or sometimes called the Seven-Year War. The British fought the French and the Indian nations in the colonies. After the British victory, Britain had a large debt to pay. The debt was approximately 140 million pounds. It was Prime Minister George Grenville, secretary of Treasury in England, came up with an idea to pay this debt; however, the colonists would not be very happy. To payRead MoreBattle For The American Revolution957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Yorktown From October 09, 1781 to October 19, 1781, arguably the most important battle for the American Revolution took place in Yorktown, Virginia. During this 10 day battle, American forces decimated the British with strategic and relentless artillery fire virtually ending the Revolutionary War. This monumental battle was won from not only artillery fire, but also clever tactics. General George Washington and French commander Comte de Rochambeau out-smarted the British forces byRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Revolution2391 Words   |  10 Pagescolonials’ resistance to British imperial policies, which later led to the American Revolution. The American Revolution was a comprehensive revolution, which included economic, political and social causes. When the American Revolution ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the consequences of the American Revolution could also affect nation politically, socially, and economically. The economic cause of the American Revolution was Britain’s imperial policies based on recovering of the debts betweenRead MoreThe Battle Of Nassau : The American Revolution1183 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of Nassau The American Revolution war was sanctioned by the former British settlers who wanted autonomy from British Rule. The revolution itself was a culmination of years of heavy taxation and exploitation by the British loyalists. It was the expansionist ambitions of the British Empire that caused it to lose the grip on the American sub continent (Scanlan, 2015, Para. 2-4). The British had embarked on a serious expansion of its empire through the acquisition of colonies in Africa and AsiaRead MoreThe Battle Of Saratoga And The American Revolution1504 Words   |  7 Pages Between 1765-1783 the American Revolution had many different battles that affected its ending results. One of these battles were the Battle of Saratoga which had a major effect on the American Revolution. This battle displayed the Americans power to the French, convincing them to join the war with the Americans. France supplied the American with their advanced weaponry, financial help, and anything for them to win t he war. The Battle of Saratoga became to be known as a major turning pointRead MoreThe American Revolution : The Battle Of Bunker Hill899 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution Following the war in a loose chronological order, the main turning points of the American Revolution began as the war itself began. Lexington and Concord, while not being â€Å"turning points† per say, were the kick-off. What followed was the erroneously name â€Å"Battle of Bunker Hill†. Bunker Hill, while not officially a ‘win† for the patriots, served two purposes. With British casualties outnumbering Colonial loses nearly 3 to 1 (1,054 British to about 400 Colonial), and Congress’Read MoreThe Most Influential Battles of the American Revolution Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesmany battles that were fought, but there were a few that changed the result of the war. The battles of Trenton and Princeton were fought strategically. During both of the battles, Washington made bold moves that later impacted the army’s success. Another battle that was fought was the Battle of Saratoga, and before this battle, the Continental Army did not have a strong chance of winning because they were facing the powerful and well equipped British army. The Battle of Saratoga was the battle thatRead MoreThe Battle of Saratoga: The Turning Point of The American Revolution1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe Battle of Saratoga: The Turning Point of the American Revoluti on The Revolutionary War is enshrined in American memory as the beginning of a new nation born in freedom. (The Saratoga Chamber of Commerce, 1999) On 17 October 1777, the surrender of the British during the Battle of Saratoga proved to the world that the American Army was an effective fighting force. The American victory at Saratoga was a major turning point in the America’s fight for Independence. This victory also resulted

The Evolution Of The Human Body - 989 Words

The evolution of the human body can be observed from studying the intermediates found in ancestral organisms. Shubin proposes that every attribute that makes us human can be traced back to a time that showcases its importance for survival. Every single trait in the human body has been selected for through multiple mechanisms of evolution, natural selection being one of them. This theory is intriguing because not long ago it was unheard of to relate humans to fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Every highly specialized characteristic such as balance, sight, smell, and more began as an extremely simple mutational advantage. The complexity seems unfathomable to many as to how the human body as been come to be, but everything can be explained logically once scientists take a closer look at other organisms. Selective pressure is constantly promoting the survival of advantages mutations and quickly removing disadvantageous traits. Organisms were not designed to be what they are today but rather they underwent a lengthy experiment of trial and error. The different environmental pressures have lead to a vast expansion of biodiversity, each organism is best suited to fit their own niche. There is no â€Å"superior† organism since the outcome is that the species is the best adapted to its environment over another species. Species always have a potential niche and a realized niche where their specific advantageous traits were selected for to aid in their survival. SpecificShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of The Human Body996 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation website is primarily focused on the evolution of the human body. The web source provides various selections to choose from, including: the human evolution summary, timeline, hall of skulls, and their perspectives. Likewise, the human evolution page describes the fossil hominids and their origins. The author recapitulates the hominid family, which consists of Homo, Australopithecus, and Ardipithecus. Correspondingly, the human evolution timeline page includes six distinct topi cs that followRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Human Body997 Words   |  4 PagesThe human form is simple yet faintly complex, always present yet hidden. The human figure has always been a common subject in visual art. For centuries, there has been a development of diverse depictions of the human body. The earliest known representations of the human body come from Europe and are dated back to approximately 25,000 and 12,000 years ago. As artwork surfaces, the similarities of physical features and styles are distinctly noticeable, therefore grouping artwork from specific timeRead MoreThe Evolution Of Ballet And The Human Body2010 Words   |  9 PagesEmma Weber Instructor Miller Speech 96-111 April 7, 2015 The Evolution of Ballet Influential philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, stated that â€Å"the human body is the best picture of the human soul.† A great example of the human body portraying the soul is through the art of ballet. From the Cambridge Dictionary Online, ballet can be defined as â€Å"a type of dancing in which controlled movements of the body are designed to express the beauty of physical motion, often while telling a story, or a piece ofRead MoreTracing Chemical Evolution of the Human Body Essays631 Words   |  3 Pagesseveral different means. Two of the most popular are looking at the phenotypic signs like body structure or appendages things that can be seen, another popular way of tracing is similar structures that have developed or gone away like a tail bone on a human. Another way to track evolution is to look at the development of proteins and other chemicals in the organism’s body. Through tracking the evolution of chemicals a person can see how close two organisms are related. This method of trackingRead MoreEvolution Is More Correct Than Creationism1196 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Evolution is More Correct than Creationism Would you believe that humans and other primates have a common ancestor? Would you believe that you evolved so much that your appendix is a useless organ? Evolution has all of the answers to these questions. However, Creationism doesn’t have all of the answers. Over 60 percent of people believe in evolution. Why shouldn’t you? Evolution is defined as â€Å"the slow process by which changes in plants and animals happen over time† (Webster’s Dictionary)Read MoreEssay about Evolution1502 Words   |  7 PagesAdaptations are phenotypic variants that result in the highest fitness among a specified set of variants in a given environment. In reference to humans, there are many traits that have been selected and adapted for throughout their evolutionary history giving them the characteristics that they have today. In this paper I will discuss some parts of the human body, which have been found to be selected for by the evolutionary mechanisms of natural selection, adaptation and mutation. Natural selectionRead MoreEvolution : A Scientific Theory1625 Words   |  7 PagesScience Education, evolution is a scientific theory that explains the emergence of new varieties of living things in the past and in the present. Evolution accounts for the striking patterns of similarities and differences among living things over time and across habitats through the action of biological processes such as natural selection, mutation, symbiosis, gene transfer, and genetic drift. There has been an ongoing debate between religion and science as to whether evolution truly takes placeRead MoreUnderstanding The Mind Body Problem994 Words   |  4 PagesSection one, question two 2.) Discuss how the following concepts relate to the mind-body problem: * neurophysiology * psychophysics * theory of evolution. For each, be sure and: (1) describe the area of study, (2) discuss the views of at least ONE major thinker associated with that area of study, and (3) explain what that area of study contributed to the attempt to reconcile the mind-body problem. The mind-body problem tries to explain the states of the minds, occurrence of events, and actionRead MoreEssay on Different Theories of the Creation of the World850 Words   |  4 Pagestwo that rival each other are the religious versions and the scientific version. The quote â€Å"They say that every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star†, by Carl Sagan an astronomer, supports the scientific theory, which is being accepted as true more and more each day. What the quote tells us is that Carl Sagan believed in the Big Bang theory and the theory of evolution. This quote supports the Big Bang theory in many ways. First, the big bang theory is the theory that the universe expandedRead MorePsychology : Mind Body Problem898 Words   |  4 PagesMind body problem tries to explain the states of the minds, occurrence of events, and action of processes. For instance, thinking is related to other processes and events of the mind. The fact that the mind is not physical in nature and the body is physical attests to this explanation. Mind body problem relate to some of the scientific concepts in different kind of ways. The relationship between the mind body problem and the concepts of neurophysiology, psychophysics and theory of evolution is discussed

Crisis Management Plan ABC Pvt.Ltd

Question: Describe about the Crisis Management Plan of ABC Pvt.Ltd? Answer: ABC pvt.ltd, it is known as world premiere toy company. These company mainly produce a picture frames. Subsequently, the organization introduced dollhouse furniture as another product in the market. This particular product is produced using picture frame scraps. Meanwhile, after gaining knowledge about the market potentiality of this particular product, the organization decided to change dollhouse furniture to toy manufacturing (Regester Larkin 2008). After that they created a world most popular product which we known as Barbie doll. After getting inspired from paper dolls, they started making a three dimensional doll which is known as Barbie doll, which was played in a dream of a little girl. After creating a famous toy which is popular among little girl they decided to develop a famous market popular toy like hot wheels, iron man cartoon characters etc (The Harvard Business Review, 2002). Then they decided to build their company more and more and known as the world largest manufac turer toy company for that they start get merged up with a top most successful company like children program company, start producing a Disney character, famous story book character like harry potter, Alice in wonderland etc, they also merger with some more company. After that to gain trust from their customer they tried a lot. The organization tried so many things to position itself as one of the pioneer of children toys (Regester Larkin, 2008). For being into the market they started organizing some charity show, and also created a global manufacturing principle, to position itself as the world first organization to manufacture a structure on a global level. However sometimes they cant able to maintain their brand image and has numerous complaints about they have stolen idea from other company to become popular (Coombs and Halladay 2012). After that the company recalls for numerous reasons and at the end of august to September the company faced a biggest recall that was default in their products which is not good for the children. Both recall come one by one which is not good for the company and made the company to face biggest recalls. First the biggest issues was that they found a faulty magnets on their toy products and the design of the toy occurred a high range of magnet, here the magnet only used for the industry purpose which is not good for the kids, infects they have that magnet because they dont know what is magnet and can easily have it which is not good for their digestive tract (Seymour Moore 2000). The major issue was that if the numerous magnets were gulped down they will unite in the stomach as well as rip through the stomach tissue. This serious problem make the company knowing for designing a poor product and it is a serious issue for the young or small children. This problem was found in some of the famous toy like Barbie, action figure of batman etc. The other reasons were that they used lead based paint for their product which was found on the surface area of many toys. It is dangerous for the children because with this they will suffer from serious disease like hearing loss, anemia, brain dama ge, slow muscle, bone growth etc. They were recall for several magnet sets sold that cause harm for the children. In early the retailer said that it is a high lead content toys, from that the company get notification, they came for the investigation were they produce their product (Tench Yeomans, 2006). After investigation they found that there are number of products did not conform to safety standard. On the other hand they started a recall for the lead paint based products were they put this paint for many of the toys. After all investigation is done they again recalled the company of possible hazards which children can easily swallow those faulty magnets, and they were also recalled for the other reason that is lead based paint. The American safety welfare for childrens toy they said that it would consider the new legislation to keep hazardous toys always from the children (Coombs 2011). They said that many of the toys were evoked as a consequence of magnets compare with painting issue using lead and the culpabili ty of this were profoundly positioned by media. Later the company tells to media they are apologized and taking full blame for the incident. Program crisis plan: When the company realized that due to this recall they are facing many problems, they firstly connected to some of agency which is known for the toy problem and their safety. Then they come up with the plans and the facts company had a product defects (Fearn-Banks, 2010). After their investigation they made an official announcement and made first company recall, many public relation personnel called reporters, media outlets were there (Massey Larsen, 2006). The day when the recall was done by the agency and the company CEO faced many interview on television and continuously taking call from media. They come up with the different ads to tell public about the recalls they took help from the newspaper, online crusade to inform people about the recalls (Fearn-Banks, 2010). There are many Medias press was there who said the company already knew about the fault before the announcement has made to the public and the company constantly been open to media and with their customer too and they said that they have very high standard with the best quality and testing procedures were safety. The company says clearly about the situation they all are doing as much as possible. Stakeholder issues: Here the toy company put their customer before because customer are the one who have the direct effect of purchasing those product and also the customer is one who drive their business as success and failure. The company licensed and their shareholders are placed because of this problem employees are affected. Customers are the main assets of the company because the toy company is directly benefited to their customer, and the customers are the main force for their survival and their company growth. It is very difficult to built company brand names and for one crisis they turn out unfavorable. The company loses their profitable opportunities with their partners (Sez Gutirrez, 2015). Employees are also one of the valuable assets for the company and it is necessary to have a continuous support from their employees to sales, reputation etc. Due to this crisis the most effective communication with their shareholders, company convinced their shareholders that in past or in future they wil l always be transparent with their information. The company is able to make positive impacts on their shareholders, and also they explain their future and current responsibilities. The company also maintains their details about their products and about their recall in their website The company do not want to repeat their mistakes for that the supplier who supply the paint and from that each single batch were tested and they will not use if they does not reach up to the mark (Avraham, 2008). What company is currently doing? Thus the company done best, and they come out and talk to media about the recalls or the mistake which is faced by the company (Griffin, 2007). On the front page of the newspapers their company talks about the recalls. This link tell us about the company recall information and also say that how many countries are affected due to this recalls, they also tell their customers why the company are calling for recalled. Here first company talks about the lead paint, they said that manufacture will use the paint that much they are required and after using the paint they will check each and every product and if their they found the default piece and they will wont used that product. Secondly, the company constantly increases their monitoring at every stage of production so that they can implement facilities for all the venders. And lastly they say that they will test each and every product before the product reach to customers and the product meet series of severe protection prior to go to the marketplace. Many of the news articles they say about the company second recall that was lead paint rather than the toy problem, for this media is blaming the particular country that they are doing and creating this kind of issues (Stauber, Rampton, 1995). Many of them were blaming that the part of recall involves the magnet toys, but half of them are not saying that the toys recalled were the design flaw not the lead paint but many of them saying it was totally because of lead based paint. The media coverage of the particular company as vastly different and the company were suffering from many of the crisis; many Medias are also saying that the company was getting the word out quickly and efficiency. The company also says their directness with the consumers as well as with the media and the company want to talk to media about the company favorable coverage and the blamed totally shifted to the country that is producing it (Susskind, and Field, 1996). They want to build the representation of the organizations brand image and want to talk about the entire problem at the very early stage. There is one article that is in support of the country which is blaming for their products, the article printed in the country itself. They say that the toy company are fully blaming on our country which is not good here I will say how the country are put on blaming, one of our producer was damaged. One of the articles emphasized that the country product need to improve their safety level as well as gain knowledge of more eminence of goods is habitually for the unsurpassed course of action. Economic trends: 1. Due to this problem company are facing problems like buying behavior of the customers are changed because many parents dont want to buy this company product with the tag line of that particular country and their buying habits are changes (Pauly, Hutchinson, 2005). 2. Many of the companies have partner with the particular toy company have chosen to put into practice their own research work on the particular product ('Company sector', 2013). 3. Some of the emails and notice say that no one can buy and sell that company product. Evaluation: Here you can see that how company handles their reputation, they handled it exactly what corporation say them to handle it (Mitroff, Shrivastava, and Udwadia, 1987). Company handles the experience very smoothly and handles every corner of crisis management plan. Organization handle the situation very well they say the truth they accept the mistakes and they make an apology in public, and also enforce initiatives to resolve the specific issue ( Courtright, Slaughter, 2007). One of the articles says that the company handles the problem very well they come out to the public and say about their problem, they confessed then made a mistake and also offered the solutions. The other blaming country does not accept their fault for the product at the initial stage in facts the nation most of the time got into elongated way of corporation for recalls (Murphy, 1991). Accepting all the blame the toy company able to continue and focus on right thing instant of blaming each others fault, by this e ntire thing happen the consumer should see how the company is dependable and who is responsible for it. Other thing you can see that it regards to the comprehensive cost-cutting measure and it is hard to be acquainted with who manufactured the product and who is regulating them. References Avraham, E. (2008), Media Startegies for Marketing Places in Crisis: Improving the Image of Cities, Countries and Tourist Destinations, London: Butterworth-Heinemann Company sector. (2013).Economic Outlook,37(3), 51-52. doi:10.1111/1468-0319.12018 Coombs, T (2011), Ongoing Crisis communications: Planning, Managing Responding, Lose Angeles: Sage Coombs, T and Halladay, S (2012), The Handbook of Crisis Communication, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell Courtright, JL Slaughter, GZ (2007), remembering Disaster: Since the Media Do, So Must Public relations, Public Relations Review, 33 (2007), 313-318 Fearn-Banks, K. (2010), Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach, London: Routledge Fearn-Banks, K. (2010), Student Workbook to Accompany Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach, London: Routledge Griffin, A. (2007), New Strategies for Reputation Management: Gaining Control of Issues, Crises and Corporate Social Responsibility, London: Kogan Page Massey, J., Larsen, J. (2006). Crisis Management in Real Time.Journal Of Promotion Management,12(3-4), 63-97. doi:10.1300/j057v12n03_06 Mitroff, I, Shrivastava, P and Udwadia, F (1987) Effective Crisis Management, The Academy of Management Executive. Vol. 1, No. 3, pp 283-292 Murphy, P (1991), Game Theory Models for Organisational/ Public Conflict, Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol 16, nu. 2 Pauly, J Hutchinson, L (2005), Moral Fables of Public Relations Practice: The Tylenol and Exxon Valdez Cases, Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 20 (4), 231-249 Regester, M Larkin, J (2008), Risk Issues and Crisis Management, Kogan Page/ CIPR, 4th Ed Regester, M Larkin, J. (2008), Risk Issues and Crisis Management in Public Relations: A Casebook of Best Practice, Kogan Page Sez, M., Gutirrez, M. (2015). Dividend Policy with Controlling Shareholders.Theoretical Inquiries In Law,16(1). doi:10.1515/til-2015-006 Seymour, M Moore, S (2000) Effective Crisis Management: Worldwide Principles and Practice. London: Cassell Stauber, J Rampton, S (1995), Toxic Sludge is Good for You: Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry, Monroe, M E: Common Courage Press Susskind, L and Field, P (1996) Dealing with an Angry Public: The Mutual Gains Approach to Solving Disputes. New York, The Free Press Tench, R Yeomans, L, Ed. (2006), Exploring Public Relations, Harlow: Pearson The Harvard Business Review (2002) The Harvard Business Review on Crisis Management

20 5-Paragraph Essay Topics on Outsourcing and Global Remote Employment

20 5-Paragraph Essay Topics on Outsourcing and Global Remote Employment The direction and tone of an essay depends largely on the topic chosen by a student. Therefore, the choice of your topic plays a huge role in how you go about developing the body that either explains argues or compliments your stance on it. Therefore in the case of a 5-paragraph essay, it is imperative you first understand what is required of you before going ahead to choose a topic on outsourcing and global remote employment. A 5-paragraph essay is one that literarily consists of 5 paragraphs and follows a written format which must be followed to the letter. The paragraphs it consists of include an introductory paragraph, 3 paragraphs that make up its body and the concluding paragraph. In this article, we will attempt to build on the previous article which provided 10 5-paragraph facts on outsourcing and global remote employment and will play a major role in developing this article. This article will not only provide 20 essay topics but it will also include a short essay written according to one of the topics on this list in order to provide you with some direction on how to go about writing yours. The top 20 5-paragraph essay topics: The Importance of Outsourcing and Remote Employment to Manufacturing How Outsourcing Helps Manufacturers Meet Production Deadlines The Role Outsourcing and Remote Employment Play in Developing Nations Outsourcing and its Effects on GDP Growth in World Economies How Enterprises reduce Financial Expenditure through Global Outsourcing Discussing the Positive Effects of Outsourcing in Corporate Enterprises Explaining The Growth in Freelancing and Global Remote Employment Wage Disparities a Factor in Driving Global Outsourcing Practices The IT Industry and its Gains from Outsourcing Analyzing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Analyzing Outsourcing Practices in Information Technology The Growth in Legal Outsourcing: Who Stands to Gain? The Effects of Legal Outsourcing in Driving Globalization Discussing the Anomalies in Sales and Marketing Job Outsourcing Analyzing Why Enterprises Do Not Outsource Sales and Marketing Jobs The Role of India as Global Outsourcing Hub The Correlation between Outsourcing Manufacturing Jobs and China’s Big Leap Forward The Global Outsourcing Market Growth and its Positive Effects on World Economies Analyzing Global Remote Employment and its Negative Effects on the US Economy Making a Case for Outsourcing as Financial Support to Developing Economies These are the 20 topics we have outlined for your use when in need of essay topics on outsourcing and global remote employment. A majority of these topics will require certain facts and figures to help you make your argument and this is where the 10 facts mentioned earlier come in. Lastly, an added essay and our writer’s guide for 5-paragraph essay on outsourcing and global remote employment will be provided in the third article of this series. Sample 5-Paragraph Essay: The Role Outsourcing and Remote Employment Play in Developing Nations In order to grow the developing countries into fully developed nations, a lot of work must be done to increase the standard of living experienced by individuals in these regions. And one of the important things required for a better society is the provision of job opportunities to every individual who is qualified for one. Therefore, this essay will focus on how outsourced jobs and remote employment increase the standard of living in developing countries. Outsourcing generates approximately $500billion a year and most of these funds are paid as labour cost to workers and freelancers from developing regions such as India, China and parts of Africa. Enterprises in the western world have continued to embrace the flexibility offered by outsourcing for it enables these workers to save costs and minimize capital resources. Although in most cases, the fees received by freelancers or remote employees are quite small- when compared to how much their professional colleagues in western countries receive- these wages still account to the gross domestic product of the recipient’s country while also providing him or her with avenues to earn an income thereby increasing the individual’s quality of life. The Chinese and Indian economies have grown to their current sizes due to the large amount of jobs currently being outsourced to Asia. In 2014, a study found that 69% of all jobs outsourced from both the United States and Europe were completed in India. And a quick calculation- using $500 billion as estimated outsourcing cost will show that India earns approximately $200billion dollars from outsourcing which has gone a long way in developing its society in no small measure. China on the other hand, currently receives the bulk of outsourced manufacturing jobs and a 2015 estimate puts the number of outsourced jobs to China at approximately 2 million yearly. This goes to show that irrespective of the issues associated with cheap labour, the amount of jobs being outsourced still makes up for this. Although most of the financial gains fall on the part of the developing nation, statistics show that just about everyone involved in the outsourcing industry stand to gain a lot. On the part of the outsourcers, approximately 85% believe that outsourcing labour on the global stage is quite beneficial in saving cost while the employees or freelancers are provided with an avenue- which their country may not be able to provide- to earn a living. Also spending the received funds in one’s home country directly impacts the standard of living there in a positive manner. In conclusion, the developing world has a lot to gain from outsourcing for it provides these regions with opportunities to grow as well as create friendly policies for its citizens and business climate that can attract more investments from the developed world. The globalization outsourcing achieves in terms of shared labour should also be regarded in a positive light for it allows experts from both collaborating regions to share ideas, learn from one another and employ these ideas in bettering the lives of their people. References: Michael, C. (2004). The Outsourcing Revolution https://www.economist.com/media/globalexecutive/outsourcing_revolution_e_02.pdf Antonio, E. Onodera, O. (2007). Facilitating Trade and Structural Adjustment the Philippines. Lee, M. Tcha, M. (2004). The Color of Money: The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Transition Economies. Review of World Economics, 140(2), pp.211-229. Houseman, S. (2010). Offshoring and the State of American manufacturing. [Kalamazoo, Mich.]: [W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research]. ì µÅ"ë‚ ¨Ã¬â€ž , Pyeong Tak Nahm, (2012). An Analysis of Wage Differential in Manufacturing by Global Outsourcing. The Journal of International Trade Commerce, 8(3), pp.15-34. Dhar, S. and Balakrishnan, B. (2006). Risks, Benefits, and Challenges in Global IT Outsourcing. Journal of Global Information Management, 14(3), pp.59-89.

Quotes From Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes

Quotes From 'Flowers for Algernon' by Daniel Keyes Flowers for Algernon is a famous novel by Daniel Keyes. Its a bittersweet novel of a mentally disabled man named Charlie, who undergoes an experimental procedure to gain higher intelligence. The book follows his evolution from his low level, through his experiences of coming to understand the world around him. The book raises ethical and moral questions about the treatment of the disabled and happiness. The story is told through Charlies diaries and other documents. One of the ways Keyes portrayed Charlies intelligence was through the evolution of his spelling and  grammar.   Quotes From Flowers for Algernon Any one who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eye are of two kinds, and arise from two causes, either from coming out of the light or from going into the light, which is true of the minds eye, quite as much as of the bodily eye; and he who remembers this when he sees any one whose vision is perplexed and weak, will not be too ready to laugh; he will first ask whether that soul of man has come out of the brighter life, and is unable to see because unaccustomed to the dark, or having turned from darkness to the day is dazzled by excess of light. And he will count the one happy in his condition and state of being, and he will pity the other.  -The Republic, Prefaceall my life I wantid to be smart and not dumb and my mom always tolld me to try and lern just like Miss Kinnian tells me but its very hard to be smart and even when I lern something in Miss Kinnians class at the school I ferget alot.  I dint know mice were so smart.  If your smart you can have lots of frends to talk to and you never get lonley by yourself all the time.   Some times somebody will say hey lookit Frank, or Joe or even Gimpy. He really pulled a Charlie Gordon that time. I dont know why they say it but they always laff and I laff too.I beet Algernon. I dint even know I beet him until Burt Selden told me. Then the second time I lost because I got so excited. But after that I beet him 8 more times. I must be getting smart to beat a smart mouse like Algernon. But I dont feel smarter.She says Im a fine person and Ill show them all. I asked her why. She said never mind but I shouldnt feel bad if I find out everybody isnt nice like I think.  One thing? I, like: about, Dear Miss Kinnian: (thats, the way? it goes; in a business, letter (if I ever go! into business?) is that, she: always gives me a reason when - I ask. Shes a genius! I coud be smart like-her, Punctuation , is? fun!  I never knew before that Joe and Frank and the others liked to have me around just to make fun of me. Now I know what they mean wen they say to pull a Charlie Gord on. Im ashamed. Now I want you to look at this card, Charlie. What might this be? What do you see on this card? People see all kinds of things in these inkblots. Tell me what it makes you think of.I was seeing them clearly for the first time - not gods or even heroes, but just two men worried about getting something out of their work.  It had been all right as long as they could laugh at me and appear clever at my expense, but now they were feeling inferior to the moron. I began to see that by my astonishing growth I had made them shrink and emphasized their inadequacies.  I had betrayed them, and they hated me for it.  Our relationship is becoming increasingly strained. I resent Nemurs constant references to me as a laboratory specimen. He makes me feel that before the experiment was not really a human being.  What did you expect? Did you think Id remain a docile pup, wagging my tail and licking the foot that kicks me? I no longer have to take the kind of crap that people have been handing me all my life.   Remembering how my mother looked before she gave birth to my sister is frightening. But even more frightening is the feeling that I wanted them to catch me and beat me. Why did I want to be punished? Shadows out of the past clutch at my legs and drag me down. I open my mouth to scream, but I am voiceless. My hands are trembling, I feel cold, and there is a distant humming in my ears.  It may sound like ingratitude, but that is one of the things I hate here - the attitude that I am a guinea pig. Nemurs constant references to having made me what I am, or that someday there will be others like me who will become real human beings. How can I make him understand that he did not create me?  They had pretended to be geniuses. But they were just ordinary men working blindly, pretending to be able to bring light into the darkness. Why is it that everyone lies? No one I know is what he appears to be.  Nothing in our minds is ever really gone. The operation had covered him over with a ven eer of education and culture, but emotionally he was therewatching and waiting.   Im not your friend. Im your enemy. Im not going to give up my intelligence without a struggle. I cant go back down into that cave. Theres no place for me to go now, Charlie. So youve got to stay away.  ARTIFICIALLY-INDUCED INTELLIGENCE DETERIORATES AT A RATE OF TIME DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE QUANTITY OF THE INCREASE.the men of the cave would say of him that up he went and down he came without his eyes.  I passed your floor on the way up, and now Im passing it on the way down, and I dont think Ill be taking this elevator again.  P.S. please if you get a chance put some flowers on Algernons grave in the back yard.

Database Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Database - Assignment Example The second layer is diversely treated by database modeling languages. Nevertheless, there are common features, especially type constructors. A common approach in most models is the generic definition of operations according to the structure of the type. The inductive specification of structuring is based on base types and type constructors. A type constructor is a function from types to a new type. The constructor can be supplemented with a selector for retrieval (like Select) with a retrieval expression and update functions (like Insert, Delete, and Update) for value mapping from the new type to the component types or to the new type, with correctness criteria and rules for validation, with default rules; current date for data assignment, with one or several user representations, and with a physical representation or properties of the physical representation. A base type is an algebraic structure B = (Dom(B); Op(B); Pred(B)) with a name, aSet of values in a domain, a set of operatio ns and a set of predicates. A class BC on the base type is a collection of elements from Dom (B). Usually, BC is required to be a set (DIETRICH, 2011). It can be also a list (denoted by ) multi-set ({|.|}), tree etc. Classes may be changed by applying operations. Elements of a class may be classified by the predicates. The value set can be discrete or continuous, finite or infinite. We typically assume discrete value sets. Typical predicates are comparison predicates such as ; Â ·; 6=; ?; =. Typical functions are arithmetic functions such as, - and x. The set of integers is given by the Integer Set. The base type is extended to a data type by explicit definition of properties of the under-lying value sets. Precision and accuracy; data can be precise to a certain extent. Precision is the degree of refinement in the calculations. Accuracy is a measure of how repeatable the assignment of values for properties is. Granularity: Scales can be fine or coarse. The accuracy of data depends on the granularity of the domain which has been chosen for the representation of properties. Ordering: The ordering of values of a given domain can be based on ordering schemes such as lexicographic, geographic or chronological ordering or on exact ordering such as orderings on natural numbers. The ordering can also be based on ontologies or categories. Scales have a range with lowest values and highest values. These values can be finite or infinite, if they are finite then overflow or underflow errors might be the result of a computation. Classification: The data can be used for representation of classifications; the classification can be linear, hierarchical, etc. The classification can be mono-hierarchical or poly-hierarchical, mono-dimensional, poly-dimensional, analytical, synthetically or even monothetic. The classification can be based on ontologies and can be maintained with thesauri. Presentation: The data type can be mapped to different representation types dependent on se veral parameters. For instance, in Web applications, the format chosen for presentation types of pictures depends on the capacity of the channel, on the compression etc. The presentation might be linear or hierarchical, and it can be layered. Implementation: The implementation the attribute type depends on the properties of the DBMS. The implementatio

Horizon Human Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Horizon Human Services - Essay Example Funding of Horizon Human Services derives mainly from governmental organizations such as the â€Å"ADHS, DES-CSA† to provide the services for victims of problems like â€Å"domestic violence† (Domestic Violence Services, 2013). So far it relates to funds for services in the areas of housing, they receive assistance from â€Å"US Department of Housing, Urban Development and the Arizona Department of Housing† (Community Housing, 2013). In addition, they also accept donations from the public as well as corporate entities.   Any person intending to avail the services of Horizon Human Services can call their office for an appointment with a screening specialist and once screening is completed, he or she will be sent to the intake specialist who will assess the individual and provide initial counseling to â€Å"help address the reason† for which services have been sought (Getting Started, 2013). People who seek services will have to produce their ID document, proof of income, social security, and any documents relating the problem they wish to address with the help of the organization. Major services, as per information on the â€Å"services† section of their site, include:   Adult Residential Services: It is a program for mentally ill or substance abusing adults, by providing â€Å"clean and tidy† therapeutic â€Å"environment,† as envisaged in quality social work practices, which is free of substances (Malley & Fernandez, 2010, p.561).   Community-Based Services: This is also a program targeted to mentally ill, within the community to help them cope with the problem. The services include counseling and monitoring of medication apart from a variety of other services that the patient requires from time to time.

Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics Essay What is ethics? What are some common ethical types? Why do business people need it? Can ethics be taught to people? Ethics is a study of morality, stems from the ancient Greek â€Å"ethos† meaning custom or habit. It is a study of theories concerning what is good and evil in human conduct. There is no particular set of laws defining what is ethical and what is not, because there is no right or wrong answer. The second sense of ethics speak of â€Å"codes of ethics†, which are a set of rules serve as guidance to people, often in fields of professions such as business or medical. Ethical contrasts with unethical, which goes against the codes of ethics. There are several ethical theories in Western philosophy. Many of them look at the fruits of one’s action – categorized under Consequentialism, while other theories uphold one’s right and duty, which is Deontology. Consequentialism pertains to cost and benefits. It deals with the results and consequences of performing or not performing an action. For example: If war brings more good (money, oil, labor) than bad (casualties) then it is ethical. Some consequentialist theories are utilitarianism and ethical egoism. Utilitarianism, according to Bentham and Mill, the right action is which creates the greatest good for the greatest number. People should ask what action would promote the greatest amount of happiness for people who are affected. For example: a utilitarian would say euthanasia is ethical if that would bring satisfaction to the suffering patient and financial relief to the family. Ethical egoism, according to Ayn Rand, says we should do what is purely in our best interest, as opposed to altruism. It promotes one’s well-being above others. Meanwhile deontology pertains to rights, duties or obligations. It concerns the morality of the action that is being performed (or not performed) rather than the results deriving from said action. In Kantian deontology, he promotes the Golden rules (don’t steal, don’t lie, don’t commit suicide) which are absolute rules that one must follow no matter what. Therefore it would be unethical to steal food even if it is for a dying person. In Lockean deontology, John Lock believes each individual is entitled to natural rights, such as right to live, right to freedom, right o pursue happiness, ect. Another theory is virtual ethics, which is similar to Confucianism, in that a person’s virtues are habits and characteristics that one exhibits. Business people need ethics because it helps prevent malpractices and corruptions. Business practitioners should refer to business codes of conduct as a guide to maintain good business practices that help safeguarding customer confidence, rights and satisfactions; protecting employees and shareholders’ interests and legal rights; and upholding healthy competitions among businesses. According to Socrates, ethics are what people ought to do and it can be taught. Psychologists also argue that a person’s ability to deal with moral issues is not formed since birth but develop gradually. I personally think a person’s moral can be shaped and that ethics should be taught, because without it we are left with a generation full of confused individuals whom are unable to comprehend and decide what right and what is wrong. That said, ethics should not be forced on people but should only serve as a guide and advisor. Because there is no uniform set of rules for ethics, it is subjective to the psycho-demographic and geographic of the teachers. A new learner should be given space to assess and confirm what he believes is right and wrong for himself. 2/ What is an argument? What makes it valid/invalid, sound/unsound, good/ bad, â€Å"true†? An argument is a collection of statements or propositions, including premises and conclusions, in an attempt to persuade another that the conclusion is true. The premises are intended to provide support and evidence in favor to the speaker’s stance, and in some cases they don’t success. There can be an indefinite number of premises, while there needs to be at least one conclusion. Conclusions are statements about the point the argument is trying to make. An argument needs to base on logic, in order to avoid logical fallacies (such as slippery slope argument) which make an argument bad, invalid or unsound. An argument is valid, or colloquially speaking, is good if the premises give logical and true reasons to prove that the conclusion is true. It is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false, or if the conclusion follows from the premises in a logical way.

Algae is the Bio Fuel of the Future Essays -- Biofuel Fuel Energy Powe

Algae: Bio Fuel of the Future Bio Fuels are clearly the most suitable alternative energy of the future as oil and coal are both rapidly vanishing and increasingly out of interest for nations wishing to avoid terrorist nations. Recently, algae has been discovered as an extremely suitable bio fuel because of its surprisingly high ratio of yield to area required for growth. In 1960 Oswald and Golweke proposed the use of large†scale ponds for cultivating algae on wastewater nutrients and anaerobically fermenting the biomass into methane fuel. Algae, like all bio fuels, harvests the energy from water and sunlight to produce oil which can be converted into biodiesel as well as the carbohydrate content to be fermented into ethanol (Benemann, Olst, et al. 1). The concept of using vegetal oil as an engine fuel likely dates back to when Rudolf Diesel (1858†1913) developed the first engine to run on peanut oil, as he demonstrated at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 (Biodiesel 1). Using algae, however, is only a very recent concept as the first algae biodiesel plant only opened this year on April 1, 2008. The company, PetroSun, is expected to produce ≈4.4 million gallons of algal oil and 110 million lbs of biomass per year in their 1,000 acres. Fuel will not be produced immediately, but they will be building or acquiring ethanol and biodie sel production plants in the near future (Cornell 1). With the ever†rising prices of fossil fuels and the realization that our supply is severely limited, the need for an alternative energy source is rising steadily. Clearly the most efficient of the alternative options lies in bio fuels because they are naturally grown and thus have an unlimited supply, have virtually zero emissions, and can be us... ...n, Olst, et al. â€Å"The Controlled Eutrophication Process: Using Microalgae for CO2 Utilization & Agricultural Fertilizer Recycling†. June 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008. â€Å"Biodiesel†. Accessed July 27, 2008 Briggs, Michael. UNH Biodiesel Group. â€Å"Wide scale Biodiesel Production from Algae†. August 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008 Cornell, Clayton B. March 29, 2008. â€Å"First Algae Biodiesel Plant Goes Online: April 1st 2008†. Accessed July 28, 2008 Haag, Amanda Leigh. March 29, 2007. â€Å"Pond†Powered Bio fuels: Turning Algae into America’s New Energy†. Accessed July 22, 2008. Algae is the Bio Fuel of the Future Essays -- Biofuel Fuel Energy Powe Algae: Bio Fuel of the Future Bio Fuels are clearly the most suitable alternative energy of the future as oil and coal are both rapidly vanishing and increasingly out of interest for nations wishing to avoid terrorist nations. Recently, algae has been discovered as an extremely suitable bio fuel because of its surprisingly high ratio of yield to area required for growth. In 1960 Oswald and Golweke proposed the use of large†scale ponds for cultivating algae on wastewater nutrients and anaerobically fermenting the biomass into methane fuel. Algae, like all bio fuels, harvests the energy from water and sunlight to produce oil which can be converted into biodiesel as well as the carbohydrate content to be fermented into ethanol (Benemann, Olst, et al. 1). The concept of using vegetal oil as an engine fuel likely dates back to when Rudolf Diesel (1858†1913) developed the first engine to run on peanut oil, as he demonstrated at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 (Biodiesel 1). Using algae, however, is only a very recent concept as the first algae biodiesel plant only opened this year on April 1, 2008. The company, PetroSun, is expected to produce ≈4.4 million gallons of algal oil and 110 million lbs of biomass per year in their 1,000 acres. Fuel will not be produced immediately, but they will be building or acquiring ethanol and biodie sel production plants in the near future (Cornell 1). With the ever†rising prices of fossil fuels and the realization that our supply is severely limited, the need for an alternative energy source is rising steadily. Clearly the most efficient of the alternative options lies in bio fuels because they are naturally grown and thus have an unlimited supply, have virtually zero emissions, and can be us... ...n, Olst, et al. â€Å"The Controlled Eutrophication Process: Using Microalgae for CO2 Utilization & Agricultural Fertilizer Recycling†. June 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008. â€Å"Biodiesel†. Accessed July 27, 2008 Briggs, Michael. UNH Biodiesel Group. â€Å"Wide scale Biodiesel Production from Algae†. August 2004. Accessed July 28, 2008 Cornell, Clayton B. March 29, 2008. â€Å"First Algae Biodiesel Plant Goes Online: April 1st 2008†. Accessed July 28, 2008 Haag, Amanda Leigh. March 29, 2007. â€Å"Pond†Powered Bio fuels: Turning Algae into America’s New Energy†. Accessed July 22, 2008.

Zoonotic Diseases

Introduction Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases which can be transmitted from animals to man. Due to frequent contact and domestication of wildlife animals, zoonotic diseases are increasingly becoming more prevalent. Public parks and gardens are home to abundant populations of birds. One of the most frequent species known to thrive in such areas are feral pigeon (Columba livia). Although there are few reports of disease transmission between pigeons and humans, their close interaction with humans and ability to carry zoonotic pathogens make them a public health risk.In fact, these birds are present at very high densities (2,000 individuals per km2) and can cover a maximum distance of 5. 29 km (Dickx et al. , 2010). This may result in the increase risk of pathogen transmission among other birds and potentially to humans. Studies have shown that most infected pigeons do not show signs of clinical disease. These birds may therefore pose a public health risk to the human population . Pigeons, like many other bird species, can harbor diseases that can be zoonotic in nature. One of the pathogens most frequently carried by pigeons is Chlamydophila psittaci. C. sittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes a disease in birds known as Psittacosis or Avian Chlamydiosis. Psittacosis is highly contagious and often causes influenza-like symptoms, severe pneumonia and non-respiratory health problems. Birds can shed this bacterium in the environment when they are either overtly ill or without any symptoms. C. psittaci occurs most frequently in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, parakeets. However, non-psittacine birds including pigeons, doves and mynah birds can also harbour the infectious agent (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005).Therefore, pigeons are thought to be an underestimated source of human chlamydiosis. Studies have shown that pigeons pose a substantial zoonotic risk as are often shown to be naturally infected with a number of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa that are pathogenic to humans. The potential for zoonotic infection is increased as these birds live in close contact with human beings. The aim of this overview is to present the zoonotic potential of C. psittaci in infected feral pigeon populations, in the context of its history, epidemiology and current approaches in treatment and prevention.Pigeon population in urban areas Commonly known as ‘urban’, ‘street’ or ‘city’ pigeons, the feral rock dove (C. livia) is an abundant bird species that often thrive in streets, squares and parks where they come into close contact with humans. Pigeon populations in most large cities increased worldwide after World War II. They have made contributions of considerable importance to humanity, especially in times of war. Feral pigeons have been domesticated and were put to use by making them messengers due to their homing abilities (Dickx et al. , 2010).Pigeons are one of the few animal species able to survive in our noisy and hectic cities. They are extremely adaptable, which also enables them to accept breeding places that are unnatural to them, e. g. on trees or over running ventilation systems (Magnino et al, 2009). They are also a valuable enrichment to the urban environment as they have a cleaning up function by eating discarded food. In addition, they may represent as a tourist attraction as feeding and care of feral pigeons may be rewarding spare-time activities for many people who enjoy the company of animals (Magnino et al, 2009).The extensive food supply and minimal predator population has indeed provided the ecological basis for the large populations that occur in most cities of the world. Chlamydophila psittaci in pigeons The increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a major cause of concern as they are a source of a large number of zoonotic agents. The most important pathogenic organism transmissible from feral pigeons to humans is Chlamydophila psittaci. In fact, studies in Europe have shown as high as 95. 6% seropositivity values for C. psittaci in feral pigeon populations (Magnino et al. 2009). C. psittaci an obligate intracellular bacterium causes avian chlamydiosis in birds and psittacosis in humans.The bacterium is commonly recognised in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, cockatoos and parakeets. It is also indentified in non-psittacine birds such as pigeons, doves and mynah birds (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). There are at least six distinct serovars (A to F) of C. psittaci considered endemic in birds (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). Each serovar appears to be associated, though not exclusively, with a different group or order of irds, from which it is most commonly isolated. Genotype B is the most prevalent in pigeons, but the more virulent genotypes A and D have also been discovered (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). All serovars should be considered to be readily transmissible to humans. The av ian strains can infect humans and other mammals, and may cause severe disease and even death. In contrast to the devastating explosive outbreaks in the first half of the 20th century, the present outbreaks are characterized by respiratory signs and low mortality (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Chlamydophila psittaci has been demonstrated in about 465 bird species comprising 30 different bird orders (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). The highest infection rates are found in psittacine birds and pigeons. The first case of C. psittaci zoonotic transmission from pigeons was described in 1941. A mother and her daughter had picked up a sick feral pigeon in the street in New York City. The pigeon died after four days and, two weeks later, both mother and daughter developed psittacosis with fever and pneumonia (Dickx et al. , 2010).Since then, 47 zoonotic cases linked to pigeons have been reported (Dickx et al. , 2010). As a consequence, feral pigeon populations have been r epeatedly blamed as vectors for the transmission of C. psittaci infections to humans. Caution is needed, as zoonotic transmission from feral pigeons is known to be an underestimated source of infection. Psittacosis in birds Transmission of C. psittaci primarily occurs from one infected bird to another susceptible bird in close proximity. The agent is usually excreted in faeces and nasal discharges.From time to time, faecal shedding occurs and can be activated through stress caused by nutritional deficiencies, prolonged transport, overcrowding, chilling, breeding, egg laying, treatment or handling (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). Bacterial excretion periods during natural infection can vary depending on virulence of the strain, infection dose and host immune status. The most common routes of transmission of C. psittaci in nature are the inhalation and ingestion of contaminated material and, sometimes, ingestion (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). The bacterium can be also transmitted in the nest.In many species, such as columbiformes, transmission from parent to young may occur through feeding, by regurgitation, while the contamination of the nesting site with infective faeces are also important sources of infection (Vazquez et al. , 2010). Also the transmission of C. psittaci may also be facilitated by arthropod vectors in the nest environment, but its occurrence has not been assessed in the wild. Vertical transmission has been demonstrated in other types of avian species. However, occurrence appears to be fairly low. Chlamydiosis is a common chronic infection of pigeons.C. psittaci infection may result in lethargy, anorexia, ruffled feathers, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, diarrhea and excretion of green to yellow urates (West, 2011). Most infected feral pigeons are asymptomatic and latent carriers of C. psittaci, which makes it difficult to assess the risk of transmission of the bacterium to other animals, including humans. As mentioned earlier, increased shed ding of the infectious agents may be triggered by stress factors such as other concurrent infections or infestations, lack of food, breeding and overcrowding.It is important to note that as the density of nesting and roosting pigeons increases, the quality of life in the feral pigeon population deteriorates (Dickx et al. , 2010). In fact, excessive population density activates and stimulates regulation mechanisms that decimate nestlings and juvenile pigeons with infectious and parasitic diseases (Hedemma et al. , 2006). Crowded breeding places make pigeons behave more aggressively, which again mostly affects nestlings and juveniles that are the weakest members of the population, leading to a progressive spoiling of their physical condition.Thus, it is important for feral pigeon populations to be managed carefully in the urban environment to obtain an appropriate- sized and healthy population. Psittacosis in humans Although psittacine birds are the major source of human infection, ou tbreaks due to exposure to non-psittacine birds may also occur. The more common of these are due to exposure to pigeons, both wild and domestic. Humans most often become infected by inhaling the organism when urine, respiratory secretions or dried faeces of infected birds are dispersed in the air as very fine droplets or dust particles (Smith et al. , 2011).Other sources of exposure include mouth-to-beak contact, a bite from an infected bird or handling the plumage and tissues of infected birds (Smith et al. , 2011). A study by Smith et al. (2011) suggests that more than half of the human cases were due to exposure to C. psittaci through contaminated dust, direct contact with pigeons through feeding and handling pigeons. In addition, about 40 of the cases resulted from transient contacts with feral pigeons such as eating lunch in a park frequented by pigeons, walking through a pigeon flock, and living in a neighbourhood frequented by pigeons (Vazquez et al. 2010). The disease in hum ans varies from a flu-like syndrome to a severe systemic disease with pneumonia and possibly encephalitis. The disease is rarely fatal in patients treated promptly and correctly. The incubation period is usually 5–14 days, but longer incubation periods are known (Smith et al. , 2011). Common symptoms of infection in humans include headache, chills, malaise and myalgia, with or without signs of respiratory involvement (Smith et al. , 2011). Therefore, awareness of the danger and early diagnosis are important. Transmission of psittacosis from human to human is rare but can occur.Transmission from humans to birds has not been documented. Diagnoses The diagnosis of C. psittaci infections in birds can be a problem because of the occurrence of persistent infections in non-shedding clinically healthy birds. Isolation of C. psittaci is currently regarded as the standard method for the determination of active infections of birds. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been al so used to detect C. psittaci in samples of tissues, feces and respiratory specimens, and were found to be quite sensitive and rapid. Diagnoses can also be established by clinical presentation and positive antibodies against C. sittaci using microimmunoflourescence (MIF) methods (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). Conventional ELISA tests have been developed for detecting antibodies to C. psittaci in birds, however, it tends to sensitivity and specificity. Treatment No commercial vaccine is available for avian chlamydiosis. Antibiotic treatment of birds is the usual response to known infections. Tetracyclines are usually considered the drugs of choice although quinolones or macrolides have also been used (Tully, 2001). Chlortetracycline (CTC) is given on food depending on the bird species to be treated and type of food (Tully, 2001).Another drug that has also proved to be effective is doxycycline, which has been used for injecting and to treat bird food/ drinking water. Tetracycline antibio tics are the drug of choice for C. psittaci infection in humans. Mild to moderate cases can be treated with oral doxycycline or tetracycline hydrochloride (West, 2011). Severely ill patients should be treated with intravenous (IV) doxycycline hyclate. Treatment with antimicrobial drugs in humans usually lasts for 3 weeks while birds are treated for 45 days. Most C. psittaci infections are responsive to antibiotics within 1 to 2 days, however relapses can occur (Seth-Smith et al. 2011). Therefore sensible use of these drugs is very important, to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains Prevention Management of feral pigeon populations in the urban environment is a complex issue that requires careful planning. Education initiatives to communicate the health risks and recommendations for minimizing these risks should primarily be directed at susceptible groups such as the elderly, young children, immunosupressed individuals, homeless, and occupationally exposed group s (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Children should be warned not to handle sick or dead pigeons and immunocompromised individuals should be educated to carefully limit their contact with feral pigeons. Strict hygienic procedures should also be enforced when dealing with birds. Pigeon feeders should be encouraged to stop or limit their activity by implementing a feeding ban in defined urban areas (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009). Furthermore, preservation of urban hygiene is very important and should be included in the aims of administrators and health officials, as it will lead to a reduced and healthier feral pigeon population (Vazquez et al. , 2010).The relationship between feeding, overcrowding, and the deterioration of living conditions of pigeons, should be the main focus when educating the general public. Monitoring for C. psittaci infections over time, by direct detection of the organism and/or by specific antibody testing, should also be considered in tho se who are in frequent close contact with bird puplations (ie. occupationally exposed workers) (Smith et al. , 2011). In addition, preventive measures such as wearing protective clothes with hoods, boots, gloves and air filter face masks should be worn when removing pigeon faeces from roofs, attics and/or buildings.Finally, for the sake of animal protection, visibly sick birds should be captured and taken into veterinary care where they should be appropriately treated with effective drugs such as tetracyclines, quinolones or macrolides (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). . Conclusion Feral pigeons, more commonly known as ‘urban’ or ‘city’ pigeons, are present in both urban and rural areas all over the world. Due to frequent and close contact with people, pigeons are a public health concern as they are a source of many zoonotic agents.In particular Chlamydophila psittaci, a bacterium known to cause psittacosis in both birds and humans (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanro mpay, 2009). Due to the growing population of pigeons, contact with infected pigeons or pathogen transmission is greatly increased. The infectious agent can be easily transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated dust and aerosols from infected pigeons or their feces. Once infected, people suffer from various conditions including mild influenza-like symptoms or severe pneumonia.In addition, the huge increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a major cause of concern due to the detrimental effect of pigeon droppings on environmental hygiene. Therefore it is important to monitor the health of both city bird populations and humans who come in close contact with possibly infected birds. As well, awareness and preventative measures must be taken into consideration when handling infected birds or their feces. Furthermore, management of feral population and preservation of urban hygiene is very important in controlling psittacosis. Work Cited Aundria West.A brief rev iew of Chlamydophila psittaci in birds and humans. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 2011. 20:18–2. Dickx V, Beeckman D, Dossche L, Tavernier P, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci in homing and feral pigeons and zoonotic transmission. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2010. 59: 1348–1353. Greco G, Corrente M, Martella V. Detection of Chlamydophila psittaci in Asymptomatic Animals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005. 43: 5410-5411. Harkinezhad T, Geens T, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci infections in birds: A review with emphasis on zoonotic consequences.Veterinary Microbiology. 2009. 135: 68–77. Heddema E, Sluis S, Buys J, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Van Wijnen J, Visser C. Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in fecal droppings from feral pigeons in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006. 34: 4423–4425. Magnino S, Haag-Wackernagel D, Geigenfeind I, Helmecke S, Dovc A, Prukner-Radovc E, Residbegovic E, Ilieski V, Larouc au K, Donati M, Martinov S, Kaleta E. Chlamydial infections in feral pigeons in Europe: Review of data and focus on public health implications. Veterinary Microbiology. 009. 135: 54–67. Seth-Smith H, Harris S, Rance R, West A, Severin J, Ossewaarde J, Cutcliffe L, Skilton R, Marsh P, Parkhill J, Clarke I, Thomson N. Genome sequence of the zoonotic pathogen Chlamydophila psittaci. Journal of Bacteriology. 2011. 28: 1282–1283. Smith K, Campbell C, Murphy J, Stobierski M, Tengelsen L. Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci infection among humans (Psittacosis) and pet birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2010 National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 011. 20: 32–45. Tully T. Update on Chlamydophila psittaci. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 2001. 10: 20-24. Vanrompay D, Harkinezhad T, Van de Walle M, Beeckman D, Droogenbroeck C, Verminnen K, An Martel R, Cauwerts K. Chlamydophila psittaci t ransmission from pet birds to humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007. 13: 1108-1110. Vazquez B, Esperon F, Neves E, Lopez J, Ballesteros C, Munoz M. Screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (Columba livia) in Madrid. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2010, 52:45-51.

The Role of Women in Homer’s Iliad Essay - 796 Words

The Role of Women in Homer’s Iliad Homer’s Iliad is undoubtedly focused on its male characters: Achilles, primarily, but also Hector and Agamemnon. Nevertheless, it seems that the most crucial characters in the epic are female. Homer uses the characters of Thetis, Andromache, and Helen as a basis for comparison to the male characters. Homer wants his audience to see and understand the folly of his male characters in choosing war over peace, aggression over kindness, and honor over family. While the behavior of these characters clearly speaks for itself, the contrasting attitudes and behaviors of the female characters proffer an alternative; in comparison, the reader can hardly fail to concur with Homer’s message that war, aggression,†¦show more content†¦Thetis is always motivated by her love and pity for her son, two emotions he seems unable to feel himself. As a loving mother, she is concerned for her son and his future and so ensures that he is aware of his options. Out of respect for him, sh e allows Achilles to make his own decision and goes as far as to support him fully, although the attentive reader can sense that doing so is immensely painful for her. Therefore, although it superficially seems that Thetis supports war and aggression, her true motives are far more admirable. Unlike Thetis, Andromache’s values are clear. On the rampart in book six, she makes an impassioned plea to Hector for reason and peace. Pity me, please! she says, Take your stand on the rampart here, before you orphan your son and make your wife a widow. (ll. 230-231) When her fears are realized and Hector is struck down by Achilles, she laments, Hector, what help are you to [Astyanax], now you are dead? (l. 571) This single statement lays bare the true folly of pride: How can one justify the preservation of honor at the cost of the destruction of all that one fought for in the first place? Finally, there is great irony in the lamentations of both Helen and Briseis for Hector and Patroclus respectively. Helen proclaims her respect for Hector’s kindness: Hector, you’d win them to my side . . . you with your gentle temper, all your gentleShow MoreRelated A Comparison of the Role of Women in Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad3375 Words   |  14 PagesThe Role of Women in Odyssey and The Iliad The Iliad and Odyssey present different ideals of women, and the goddesses, who are presented as ideal women, differ between the two epics. The difference in roles is largely dependent on power, and relations to men, as well as sexual desirability and activity. The goddesses have a major role in both epics as Helpers of men. They have varied reasons for this.   One is a maternal instinct. This is displayed in the literal mother-son relationshipsRead MoreAncient Greek Perception of War, Role of Women and Children, and Immortals833 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Iliad, the oldest and greatest of the Greek epics, Homer tells of the wars fought between the Greeks and the Trojans. Much of this books main focus takes place during the Homeric period in which the Trojan War began. In a pre industrial society, Homer describes the way mortals and immortals sought their existence throughout the Trojan War. Homers style of writing in Iliad enables a modern reader to perceive how the Ancient Greeks thought of warfare, of religion, and of the role of womenRead MoreThe Role of Women in the Iliad Essay examples1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of Women in the Iliad Throughout history, women have held many different roles in society. Men have traditionally been viewed as superior since the beginning of time. Homers Iliad is an excellent example of the suppressive role of women at this time. 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Whereas the Iliad f ocuses on the battle itself and centers on the warriors, the Women of Troy focuses on the wrathRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad And The Odysseys1428 Words   |  6 PagesHomer’s poems, play a key role in Ancient Greek culture and many important moments or scenes from Homer’s The Iliad and The Odysseys are depicted on the vases. Each vase has a story and the painters depict the moments or events in the poem in the exact way Homer describes. However, some depictions on the vases could be dramatized by the painters because the painter brought their imagination from the story of Homer. Through the Ancient Greek vases, we can get new information or background informationRead More Iliad Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pages quot;The Iliadquot;, an epic tale told by the famous Greek author Homer, is focused primarily on the Trojan War between the Greeks, or Argives, and the Trojans. This war was filled with bloody battles and a massive loss of life. 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Throughout history, women hav e been viewed as playing small roles in society. The role of women in the Iliad is very small and overshadowed by the main story of Achilles and the Trojan War. The shadow that is cast over the women in the Iliad can often block readers from seeing the important role that they play in this classic Epic Poem. Most readers view the women of the Iliad as simply war prizes but without them there